Scarlata, G.G.M.; Colaci, C.; Scarcella, M.; Dallio, M.; Federico, A.; Boccuto, L.; Abenavoli, L. The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Diseases2024, 12, 69.
Scarlata, G.G.M.; Colaci, C.; Scarcella, M.; Dallio, M.; Federico, A.; Boccuto, L.; Abenavoli, L. The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Diseases 2024, 12, 69.
Scarlata, G.G.M.; Colaci, C.; Scarcella, M.; Dallio, M.; Federico, A.; Boccuto, L.; Abenavoli, L. The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Diseases2024, 12, 69.
Scarlata, G.G.M.; Colaci, C.; Scarcella, M.; Dallio, M.; Federico, A.; Boccuto, L.; Abenavoli, L. The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Diseases 2024, 12, 69.
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. This term covers a broad spectrum of liver lesions, from simple steatosis to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The patho-genesis of ALD is multifactorial and not fully elucidated due to complex mechanisms related to direct ethanol toxicity with subsequent hepatic and systemic inflammation. The accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines promote the development and progression of ALD. To date, there are no targeted therapies to counteract disease progression and prevent acute liver failure. Corticosteroids reduce mortality by acting on the hepatic-systemic inflammation. On the other hand, several studies analyzed the effect of the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the stimulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines as potential therapeutic targets in ALD. This narrative review aims to clarify the role of the cy-tokines in the pathogenesis and treatment of ALD.
Keywords
alcohol; oxidative stress; inflammation; gut dysbiosis; biological drugs; probiotics
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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