González-Nicolás, M.Á.; González-Guerrero, C.; Goicoechea, M.; Boscá, L.; Valiño-Rivas, L.; Lázaro, A. Biomarkers in Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Towards A New Perspective. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 3438.
González-Nicolás, M.Á.; González-Guerrero, C.; Goicoechea, M.; Boscá, L.; Valiño-Rivas, L.; Lázaro, A. Biomarkers in Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Towards A New Perspective. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3438.
González-Nicolás, M.Á.; González-Guerrero, C.; Goicoechea, M.; Boscá, L.; Valiño-Rivas, L.; Lázaro, A. Biomarkers in Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Towards A New Perspective. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 3438.
González-Nicolás, M.Á.; González-Guerrero, C.; Goicoechea, M.; Boscá, L.; Valiño-Rivas, L.; Lázaro, A. Biomarkers in Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Towards A New Perspective. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3438.
Abstract
Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CI-AKI) remains a frequent iatrogenic condition since radiological procedures using intra-vascular iodinated contrast media (CM) are being widely administered for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Despite the improvement of the medical healthcare system worldwide, CI-AKI is still associated with direct short-term and indirect long-term outcomes including increased morbidity and mortality, specially, in patients under-lying pre-existing renal function impairment, cardiovascular disease or diabetes that could rap-idly progress into Chronic Kidney Disease. Although the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage Kidney Disease), AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) and KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) clinical criteria and recommendation guidelines are based on tra-ditional “gold standard” biomarkers known as serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and urinary output, new reliable serum and urinary biomarkers are still needed for an effective uni-fied diagnostic strategy for AKI. Starting from previous and recent publications on the benefits and limitations of validated biomarkers responding to kidney injury, glomerular filtration and inflammation among others, this review unravels the role of new emerging biomarkers used alone or in combination, as reliable tools for early diagnosis and prognosis of CI-AKI, taking into account patients and procedures-risk factors towards a new clinical perspective.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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