Version 1
: Received: 10 February 2024 / Approved: 12 February 2024 / Online: 12 February 2024 (08:53:12 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 18 February 2024 / Approved: 19 February 2024 / Online: 19 February 2024 (16:27:10 CET)
How to cite:
Dow, C.T.; Pierce, E.S.; Sechi, L.A. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: A HERV Turn-On for Autoimmunity, Neurodegeneration, and Cancer?. Preprints2024, 2024020632. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.0632.v2
Dow, C.T.; Pierce, E.S.; Sechi, L.A. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: A HERV Turn-On for Autoimmunity, Neurodegeneration, and Cancer?. Preprints 2024, 2024020632. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.0632.v2
Dow, C.T.; Pierce, E.S.; Sechi, L.A. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: A HERV Turn-On for Autoimmunity, Neurodegeneration, and Cancer?. Preprints2024, 2024020632. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.0632.v2
APA Style
Dow, C.T., Pierce, E.S., & Sechi, L.A. (2024). <em>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</em>: A HERV Turn-On for Autoimmunity, Neurodegeneration, and Cancer?. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.0632.v2
Chicago/Turabian Style
Dow, C.T., Ellen S. Pierce and Leonardo Antonio Sechi. 2024 "<em>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</em>: A HERV Turn-On for Autoimmunity, Neurodegeneration, and Cancer?" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.0632.v2
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections that, over millions of years, became integrated into the human genome. While normally inactive, environmental stimuli such as infections have contributed to the transcriptional reactivation of HERV promoting pathological conditions including the development of autoimmunity, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. What infections then trigger HERV activation? Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a pluripotent driver of human disease. Aside from granulomatous diseases Crohn’s, sarcoidosis and Blau syndrome, MAP is associated with autoimmune disease: type one diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune thyroiditis. MAP is also associated with Parkinson’s disease. Autoimmune diabetes, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis are the diseases with the strongest MAP/HERV association. There are several other diseases associated with HERV activation including diseases whose epidemiology and/or pathology would prompt speculation for a causal role of MAP. These include non-solar uveal melanoma, colon cancer, glioblastoma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This article further points to MAP infection as a contributor to autoimmunity, neurodegenerative disease and cancer via unsilencing of HERV. We examine the link between the ever-increasing number of MAP- associated diseases, the MAP/HERV intersection with these diverse medical conditions and propose treatment opportunities based upon this association.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
