Evangelou, G.; Vamvakaris, I.; Papafili, A.; Anagnostakis, M.; Peppa, M. Lung NETs and GEPNETs: One Cancer with Different Origins or Two Distinct Cancers? Cancers2024, 16, 1177.
Evangelou, G.; Vamvakaris, I.; Papafili, A.; Anagnostakis, M.; Peppa, M. Lung NETs and GEPNETs: One Cancer with Different Origins or Two Distinct Cancers? Cancers 2024, 16, 1177.
Evangelou, G.; Vamvakaris, I.; Papafili, A.; Anagnostakis, M.; Peppa, M. Lung NETs and GEPNETs: One Cancer with Different Origins or Two Distinct Cancers? Cancers2024, 16, 1177.
Evangelou, G.; Vamvakaris, I.; Papafili, A.; Anagnostakis, M.; Peppa, M. Lung NETs and GEPNETs: One Cancer with Different Origins or Two Distinct Cancers? Cancers 2024, 16, 1177.
Abstract
Lung neuroendocrine tumors (LNETs) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) are two distinct types of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that have traditionally been treated as a single entity despite originating from different sources. Although they share certain phenotypic characteristics and the expression of neuroendocrine markers, they exhibit differences in their microenvironment, molecular mutations, and responses to various therapeutic regimens. Recent research has explored the genetic alterations in these tumors, revealing dissimilarities in the frequently mutated genes, role of EGFR in carcinogenesis, presence of transcription factors, and immunogenicity of the tumor and its microenvironment. Spread Through Air Spaces (STAS), a phenomenon unique to lung carcinomas, appears to play a crucial role in LNET prognosis. These distinctions are also evident in the cascade response of lung and GI tract neuroendocrine tumors to somatostatin analogs, Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT), chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Identifying similarities and differences between the two groups may im-prove our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and facilitate the development of more effective treatment strategies.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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