Pérez-Vielma, N.M.; Gómez-López, M.; Martínez-Godínez, M.Á.; Luna-Torres, A.L.; Domínguez López, A.; Miliar-García, Á. Candida Variety in the Oral Cavity of Mexican Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and TLR2 Gene Expression. Clin. Pract.2024, 14, 417-425.
Pérez-Vielma, N.M.; Gómez-López, M.; Martínez-Godínez, M.Á.; Luna-Torres, A.L.; Domínguez López, A.; Miliar-García, Á. Candida Variety in the Oral Cavity of Mexican Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and TLR2 Gene Expression. Clin. Pract. 2024, 14, 417-425.
Pérez-Vielma, N.M.; Gómez-López, M.; Martínez-Godínez, M.Á.; Luna-Torres, A.L.; Domínguez López, A.; Miliar-García, Á. Candida Variety in the Oral Cavity of Mexican Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and TLR2 Gene Expression. Clin. Pract.2024, 14, 417-425.
Pérez-Vielma, N.M.; Gómez-López, M.; Martínez-Godínez, M.Á.; Luna-Torres, A.L.; Domínguez López, A.; Miliar-García, Á. Candida Variety in the Oral Cavity of Mexican Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and TLR2 Gene Expression. Clin. Pract. 2024, 14, 417-425.
Abstract
Background: The aim was to diagnose Candida in the oral cavity of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a genotyping technique and to compare the results with those from con-ventional diagnosis by Papanicolau (Pap) staining. Methods: Palatal mucosa smears were per-formed in 18 dental care patients diagnosed with T2DM and grade I, II, and III prosthetic stomatitis who met the inclusion criteria; 18 healthy control subjects were also included in the study. He-moglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were determined from total blood. Using exfoliative cytology, the Pap staining technique was used to diagnose candidiasis. Exfoliative cytology was also used for molecular diagnosis; DNA was obtained for Candida genotyping and RNA was used for gene ex-pression studies. Results: Clinical patterns indicated that all subjects were positive for Candida; however, Pap analysis revealed only three positive subjects, whereas end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed fifteen subjects with some type of Candida. The most common Candida species found were Candida guilliermondii (38.8%), Candida krusei (33.3%), Candida tropicalis, and Candida lusitaniae (22.2%). Interestingly, the coexpression of different species of Candida was found in various patients. In all patients, HbA1c levels were increased. Gene expression analysis showed a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in TLR2 expression in positive subjects, whereas TLR4 expression did not differ significantly among patients. Conclusions: The end-point PCR technique showed better sensitivity for diagnosis of Candida when compared with diagnosis by Pap staining. T2DM subjects showed an increased presence of C. guilliermondii that was correlated with decreased TLR2 expression
Keywords
Candida, type 2 diabetes mellitus, PAP stain, oral cavity, molecular diagnosis, TLR2
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
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