Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy in African American and Black Individuals in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review

ELENA SAVOIA; Evelyn Masterson; David Olander; Emma Anderson; Anisa Farah Mohamed; Luca PIrrotta

doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1417.v1

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preprints.org > public health and healthcare > public health and health services > doi: 10.20944/preprints202401.1417.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy in African American and Black Individuals in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review

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Version 1 : Received: 16 January 2024 / Approved: 18 January 2024 / Online: 18 January 2024 (12:12:20 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Savoia, E.; Masterson, E.; Olander, D.R.; Anderson, E.; Mohamed Farah, A.; Pirrotta, L. Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy among African American and Black Individuals in the United States of America: A Systematic Literature Review. Vaccines 2024, 12, 277. Savoia, E.; Masterson, E.; Olander, D.R.; Anderson, E.; Mohamed Farah, A.; Pirrotta, L. Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy among African American and Black Individuals in the United States of America: A Systematic Literature Review. Vaccines 2024, 12, 277.

Abstract

Despite the crucial role the COVID-19 vaccine played in curbing the pandemic, a significant portion of Black and African American individuals expressed hesitancy in being vaccinated. This review aimed to identify the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black and African American individuals in the USA. The literature search was conducted in December 2022 according to the PRISMA criteria focusing on empirical studies. Data extraction methods, critical appraisal, and secondary thematic analysis were conducted on both quantitative and qualitative studies. Sixteen quantitative studies identified key factors associated with vaccine hesitancy such as confidence in vaccine effectiveness, safety, and trust in the healthcare system. 14 qualitative studies revealed major themes of mistrust, fear, and information needs, including historical mistrust, concerns about the vaccine development process, and contemporary institutional mistrust. The synthesis of quantitative and qualitative findings derived from this review provides a nuanced understanding of determinants of vaccine hesitancy in Black and African American communities in the USA, offering a foundation for the development of evidence-based interventions. Mistrust in the healthcare system, fear, and informational gaps on vaccine safety and effectiveness have been identified as significant barriers to vaccination, demanding targeted interventions.

Keywords

vaccine hesitancy; African American; Black; COVID-19 vaccine

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Public Health and Health Services

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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