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An Archaeometric Study of the Iron Age Ceramics from Quinta Do Almaraz Archaeologic Site (8th to 5th Centuries BC). Colour and Mineralogic Characterization
Ferreira, L.F.V.; Olaio, A.; Pereira, M.F.C.; Machado, I.L.F. An Archaeometric Study of the Iron Age Ceramics from Quinta do Almaraz Archaeologic Site (8th to 5th Centuries BC)—Colour and Mineralogical Characterization. Colorants2024, 3, 111-124.
Ferreira, L.F.V.; Olaio, A.; Pereira, M.F.C.; Machado, I.L.F. An Archaeometric Study of the Iron Age Ceramics from Quinta do Almaraz Archaeologic Site (8th to 5th Centuries BC)—Colour and Mineralogical Characterization. Colorants 2024, 3, 111-124.
Ferreira, L.F.V.; Olaio, A.; Pereira, M.F.C.; Machado, I.L.F. An Archaeometric Study of the Iron Age Ceramics from Quinta do Almaraz Archaeologic Site (8th to 5th Centuries BC)—Colour and Mineralogical Characterization. Colorants2024, 3, 111-124.
Ferreira, L.F.V.; Olaio, A.; Pereira, M.F.C.; Machado, I.L.F. An Archaeometric Study of the Iron Age Ceramics from Quinta do Almaraz Archaeologic Site (8th to 5th Centuries BC)—Colour and Mineralogical Characterization. Colorants 2024, 3, 111-124.
Abstract
The ceramic pastes of ca. 31 samples recovered from the Almaraz archaeological site, located in the south bench of Tagus River, were studied in detail using XRF, micro-Raman and GSDR spectroscopies, as well as the XRD technique.
The ceramic sherds could be grouped into six categories, Red Slip tableware, Decorated tableware, Yellow Slip tableware, Grey tableware, Common tableware and Handmade pottery. Our studies of the mineralogic composition of the sherds` body indicate that all ceramics were produced locally, using silicious clays in most cases and calcareous clays in a few ones.
Micro-Raman and ground state diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy provided useful information regarding the materials used to produce the coloured ceramics: hematite and brookite for the red slip and decorated ceramics, jacobsite or carbon black for the black decoration or grey ceramics. For the yellow slip tableware a simple engobe rich in yellow clay was used.
XRF spectroscopic studies provided the elemental composition of all samples, and biplots of the Potassium (K) versus Calcium (Ca) contents, normalized to the silicon content of each ceramic paste, clearly show that Pliocene and Miocene local clays sources were used to produce most ceramics. Only one sherd can be considered a Lisbon production.
Chemistry and Materials Science, Ceramics and Composites
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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