Sutter, J.; Brettschneider, J.; Wigdahl, B.; Bruggeman, P.J.; Krebs, F.C.; Miller, V. Non-Thermal Plasma Reduces HSV-1 Infection of and Replication in HaCaT Keratinocytes In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024, 25, 3839, doi:10.3390/ijms25073839.
Sutter, J.; Brettschneider, J.; Wigdahl, B.; Bruggeman, P.J.; Krebs, F.C.; Miller, V. Non-Thermal Plasma Reduces HSV-1 Infection of and Replication in HaCaT Keratinocytes In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024, 25, 3839, doi:10.3390/ijms25073839.
Sutter, J.; Brettschneider, J.; Wigdahl, B.; Bruggeman, P.J.; Krebs, F.C.; Miller, V. Non-Thermal Plasma Reduces HSV-1 Infection of and Replication in HaCaT Keratinocytes In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024, 25, 3839, doi:10.3390/ijms25073839.
Sutter, J.; Brettschneider, J.; Wigdahl, B.; Bruggeman, P.J.; Krebs, F.C.; Miller, V. Non-Thermal Plasma Reduces HSV-1 Infection of and Replication in HaCaT Keratinocytes In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024, 25, 3839, doi:10.3390/ijms25073839.
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a lifelong pathogen characterized by asymptomatic latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) with periodic outbreaks of cold sores caused by virus reactivation in the TG and subsequent replication in the oral mucosa. While antiviral therapies can provide relief from cold sores, they are unable to eliminate HSV-1. We provide experimental results that highlight non-thermal plasma (NTP) as a new alternative therapy for HSV-1 infection that would resolve cold sores faster and reduce the establishment of latent infection in the TG. Additionally, this study is the first to explore the use of NTP as a therapy that can both treat and prevent human viral infections. We investigated the antiviral effect of NTP using an in vitro model for HSV-1 cold sores, involving the application of NTP from two separate devices to cell-free HSV-1, HSV-1-infected cells, and uninfected cells. We found NTP reduced the infectivity of cell-free HSV-1, reduced viral replication in HSV-1-infected cells, and diminished the susceptibility of uninfected cells to HSV-1 infection. This triad of antiviral mechanisms of action suggest the potential of NTP as a therapeutic agent effective against HSV-1 infection.
Keywords
Non-thermal plasma cold atmospheric plasma; low temperature plasma; antiviral; HSV-1 latency; herpes labialis; HSV-1 reactivation; dielectric barrier discharge; cold sore; reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
,
