Version 1
: Received: 24 December 2023 / Approved: 25 December 2023 / Online: 25 December 2023 (14:41:36 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 27 December 2023 / Approved: 28 December 2023 / Online: 28 December 2023 (14:34:12 CET)
How to cite:
Chambers, P.W.; Chambers, S.E. Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach. Preprints2023, 2023121881. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.1881.v2
Chambers, P.W.; Chambers, S.E. Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach. Preprints 2023, 2023121881. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.1881.v2
Chambers, P.W.; Chambers, S.E. Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach. Preprints2023, 2023121881. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.1881.v2
APA Style
Chambers, P.W., & Chambers, S.E. (2023). Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.1881.v2
Chicago/Turabian Style
Chambers, P.W. and Shae E. Chambers. 2023 "Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.1881.v2
Abstract
The dermatological manifestations of Long Covid (LC) have languished in the shadows of chronic fatigue and brain fog. Yet they are all linked by gut dysbiosis and the cytokine triad of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The gut microbiome common not only to LC, psoriasis, AA, and vitiligo but also to neurodegenerative disease has been recently described. This gut microbiome induces an altered tryptophan metabolism linked to autoimmune disease. SARS CoV2 invades enterochromaffin cells rich in ACE2 receptors and curtails absorption of the essential amino acid tryptophan and subsequent synthesis of serotonin and melatonin. This review suggests that an etiologic prebiotic (d-mannose)/probiotic (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria)/postbiotic (butyrate) approach to autoimmune skin disease that improves intestinal barrier integrity and that suppresses the triad of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β may enhance or even eliminate the traditional immunotherapy of targeted monoclonal antibodies, Janus kinase inhibitors, and steroids. Health benefits of this approach extend well beyond suppression of autoimmune skin disease.
Keywords
IFN-γ; γδ T cells; microbiome; d-mannose; TNF-α
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Commenter: Patrick Chambers
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author