Szczepanska-Sadowska, E. Interplay of Angiotensin Peptides, Vasopressin, and Insulin in the Heart: Experimental and Clinical Evidence of Altered Interactions in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 1310.
Szczepanska-Sadowska, E. Interplay of Angiotensin Peptides, Vasopressin, and Insulin in the Heart: Experimental and Clinical Evidence of Altered Interactions in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1310.
Szczepanska-Sadowska, E. Interplay of Angiotensin Peptides, Vasopressin, and Insulin in the Heart: Experimental and Clinical Evidence of Altered Interactions in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 1310.
Szczepanska-Sadowska, E. Interplay of Angiotensin Peptides, Vasopressin, and Insulin in the Heart: Experimental and Clinical Evidence of Altered Interactions in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1310.
Abstract
Abstract
The heart serves as the pivotal organ generating rhythmic contractions allowing blood ejection from the ventricles and its circulation in the cardiovascular system. Contractions of the heart requires oxygen and energy consumption and removal of metabolic factors from cardiac myocytes. The mechanical performance of the cardiac muscle and production of the vasoactive factors are significantly affected in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, especially in the heart failure, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The processes affecting coronary blood flow and cardiac contractility in these diseases are not fully recognized. The present review draws attention to specific role of angiotensin peptides, vasopressin and insulin in the regulation of the coronary blood flow and cardiac contractions. There is evidence for intracardiac production of some of these compounds and their importance in the regulation of the cardiac tissue oxygenation, energy production and metabolism, and generation of other cardiovascular compounds, such as nitric oxide, bradykinin and endothelin. Presence of receptors for angiotensin II, angiotensin-(1-7) and insulin in the coronary vessels and cardiomyocyes sets up conditions for interaction of these factors at the signaling level. Coronary vessels and cardiac muscle possess AT1 and AT2 receptors, angiotensin-1-7 receptor, vasopressin V1 receptor, and insulin receptor substrates. Expression of these receptors and responsiveness to angiotensins, vasopressin and insulin are altered during heart failure, hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus, especially when these diseases occur simultaneously. The survey of the literature presented in the review provides evidence for the belief that very individualized treatment, including interactions of angiotensins and vasopressin with insulin, should be selected for patients suffering simultaneously for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
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