Korzhavina, O.A.; Gubareva, N.V.; Kitashov, A.V.; Britayev, T.A.; Ivanenko, V.N. From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod–Crinoid Symbiosis. Animals2024, 14, 877.
Korzhavina, O.A.; Gubareva, N.V.; Kitashov, A.V.; Britayev, T.A.; Ivanenko, V.N. From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod–Crinoid Symbiosis. Animals 2024, 14, 877.
Korzhavina, O.A.; Gubareva, N.V.; Kitashov, A.V.; Britayev, T.A.; Ivanenko, V.N. From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod–Crinoid Symbiosis. Animals2024, 14, 877.
Korzhavina, O.A.; Gubareva, N.V.; Kitashov, A.V.; Britayev, T.A.; Ivanenko, V.N. From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod–Crinoid Symbiosis. Animals 2024, 14, 877.
Abstract
Crinoids (Echinodermata) exhibit unique characteristics that facilitate a wide range of symbiotic relationships with diverse organisms. Nonetheless, the comprehension of their interactions with microscopic copepod crustaceans is still in a nascent and fragmented state. Our analysis identifies 166 instances involving 35 copepod species representing in 6 families in association with 33 species of the Comatulida. The majority of these associations have been singularly reported, with their distribution covering five out of the 12 World Ocean ecoregions. A notable concentration of diversity is observed in the Central and Western Indo-Pacific regions, while documentation of Atlantic copepod-crinoid associations is markedly limited. Copepods are predominantly found in ectosymbiotic relationships, with a lesser incidence of endosymbiotic interactions. Among these, the genus Collocheres and Pseudanthessius emerge as particularly prominent, and the Comasteridae family is distinguished by its diverse copepod associations. While certain copepod families exhibit a specialization towards crinoids, others demonstrate specificity at the species level. The current scope of knowledge encompasses merely 5% of the potential crinoid host diversity, underscoring the critical need for more extensive research in this area.
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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