Synephrine and Its Derivative CpdA: Common and Specific Biological Effects

Svetlana A. Dodonova; Ekaterina Zhidkova; Alexey A. Kryukov; Timur Valiev; Kirill I. Kirsanov; Evgeny P. Kulikov; Irina V Budunova; Marianna G. Yakubovskaya; Ekaterina A. Lesovaya

doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1691.v1

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preprints.org > biology and life sciences > biochemistry and molecular biology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202311.1691.v1

Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Synephrine and Its Derivative CpdA: Common and Specific Biological Effects

Marianna G. Yakubovskaya

Ekaterina A. Lesovaya

Version 1 : Received: 27 November 2023 / Approved: 27 November 2023 / Online: 27 November 2023 (09:16:53 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Dodonova, S.A.; Zhidkova, E.M.; Kryukov, A.A.; Valiev, T.T.; Kirsanov, K.I.; Kulikov, E.P.; Budunova, I.V.; Yakubovskaya, M.G.; Lesovaya, E.A. Synephrine and Its Derivative Compound A: Common and Specific Biological Effects. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17537. Dodonova, S.A.; Zhidkova, E.M.; Kryukov, A.A.; Valiev, T.T.; Kirsanov, K.I.; Kulikov, E.P.; Budunova, I.V.; Yakubovskaya, M.G.; Lesovaya, E.A. Synephrine and Its Derivative Compound A: Common and Specific Biological Effects. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17537.

Abstract

This review is focused on synephrine, the principal phytochemical found in bitter orange and other medicinal plants, and widely used as a dietary supplement for weight loss/body fat reduction. We examine different aspects of synephrine biology, delving into its established and potential molecular targets, as well as its mechanisms of action. We present an overview of the origin, chemical composition, receptors, and pharmacological properties of synephrine, including its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity in various in vitro and animal models. Additionally, we conduct a comparative analysis of the molecular targets and effects of synephrine with those of its metabolite, selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist (SEGRA) Compound A (CpdA), which shares a similar chemical structure with synephrine. SEGRA, including CpdA, have been extensively studied as glucocorticoid receptor activators that have a better benefit/risk profile than glucocorticoids due to the reduced adverse effects. We discuss the potential of synephrine usage as a template for the synthesis of new generation of non-steroidal SEGRA. The review also provides insights into the safe pharmacological profile of synephrine.

Keywords

synephrine; glucocorticoids; selective glucocorticoid receptor activator (SEGRA); inflammation; cancer; CpdA; metabolic disorders; cardiovascular system; beta-adrenergic receptors

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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