Chen, H.; Zhai, C.; Xu, X.; Wang, H.; Han, W.; Shen, J. Multilevel Heterogeneity of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis. Cancers2024, 16, 59.
Chen, H.; Zhai, C.; Xu, X.; Wang, H.; Han, W.; Shen, J. Multilevel Heterogeneity of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis. Cancers 2024, 16, 59.
Chen, H.; Zhai, C.; Xu, X.; Wang, H.; Han, W.; Shen, J. Multilevel Heterogeneity of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis. Cancers2024, 16, 59.
Chen, H.; Zhai, C.; Xu, X.; Wang, H.; Han, W.; Shen, J. Multilevel Heterogeneity of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis. Cancers 2024, 16, 59.
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a high-incidence tumor that has a high mortality rate due to its frequent metastasis to the liver. The difference in genes, proteins, and immune microenvironment between the primary and metastatic sites causes them to show different responses to treatment. Colorectal cancer liver metastasis patients also tend to show poorer treatment response and prognosis. Therefore, in this paper, we summarize the heterogeneity exhibited after colorectal cancer liver metastasis from five aspects (gene, transcriptome, protein, metabolism, and immunity), and we found that except for the genetic heterogeneity, the other four aspects exhibite significant heterogeneity, which might serve as a new therapeutic direction and a prognostic marker for patients with liver metastasis. Finally, the therapeutic modalities regarding tumors are rapidly evolving, and we have also summarize the new clinical therapeutic modalities currently proposed based on these heterogeneities, aiming to provide new therapeutic ideas for the clinical treatment of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
