Version 1
: Received: 2 November 2023 / Approved: 3 November 2023 / Online: 3 November 2023 (04:08:00 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 30 November 2023 / Approved: 1 December 2023 / Online: 1 December 2023 (05:16:00 CET)
Khocht, A.; Bellinger, D.; Lenoir, L.; Irani, C.; Fraser, G. Obesity Is Associated with a Weakened Gingival Inflammatory Cytokine Response. Medicina2023, 59, 2089.
Khocht, A.; Bellinger, D.; Lenoir, L.; Irani, C.; Fraser, G. Obesity Is Associated with a Weakened Gingival Inflammatory Cytokine Response. Medicina 2023, 59, 2089.
Khocht, A.; Bellinger, D.; Lenoir, L.; Irani, C.; Fraser, G. Obesity Is Associated with a Weakened Gingival Inflammatory Cytokine Response. Medicina2023, 59, 2089.
Khocht, A.; Bellinger, D.; Lenoir, L.; Irani, C.; Fraser, G. Obesity Is Associated with a Weakened Gingival Inflammatory Cytokine Response. Medicina 2023, 59, 2089.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Obesity-related elevated body mass index (BMI) across life is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in blood. CRP is a marker and promoter of inflammation. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of obesity on the relationship between peripheral and gingival CRP levels and examine the effects of gingival CRP levels on gingival fluid inflammatory cytokines in periodontitis resistant obese individuals. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine, periodontally healthy subjects were enrolled. Based on BMI scores, 20 subjects were categorized as lean and 19 as obese. A comprehensive periodontal examination was performed. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and blood samples were collected. Both GCF and blood samples were assessed for interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and CRP. Results: GCF CRP levels were significantly higher in obese than lean individuals. No statistically significant differences were noted between the two groups in both GCF and blood on any of the inflammatory cytokine levels. IL-17A was not detected in GCF of most subjects in both groups. GCF CRP levels were positively associated with blood CRP levels, the association tended to be stronger in obese individuals. GCF CRP showed no associations with GCF IL-10 in both groups. Although GCF CRP levels positively associated with multiple GCF inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) in all subjects, the associations tended to be weaker in obese individuals (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). Furthermore, the levels of GCF inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were depressed in obese individuals. Conclusions: Obesity unfavorably influences the relationship between blood and GCF CRP levels and promotes increased CRP levels in GCF. Collectively, the findings suggest a dysregulated inflammatory cytokine response in the gingival tissues of obese individuals.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Dentistry and Oral Surgery
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Commenter: Ahmed Khocht
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author