Version 1
: Received: 26 September 2023 / Approved: 27 September 2023 / Online: 27 September 2023 (08:14:34 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 27 September 2023 / Approved: 28 September 2023 / Online: 30 September 2023 (10:02:22 CEST)
Sayed, R.K.A.; Hibbert, J.E.; Jorgenson, K.W.; Hornberger, T.A. The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2023, 12, 2811, doi:10.3390/cells12242811.
Sayed, R.K.A.; Hibbert, J.E.; Jorgenson, K.W.; Hornberger, T.A. The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2023, 12, 2811, doi:10.3390/cells12242811.
Sayed, R.K.A.; Hibbert, J.E.; Jorgenson, K.W.; Hornberger, T.A. The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2023, 12, 2811, doi:10.3390/cells12242811.
Sayed, R.K.A.; Hibbert, J.E.; Jorgenson, K.W.; Hornberger, T.A. The Structural Adaptations That Mediate Disuse-Induced Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2023, 12, 2811, doi:10.3390/cells12242811.
Abstract
The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass plays a fundamental role in health and issues associated with quality of life. Mechanical signals are one of the most potent regulators of muscle mass, with a decrease in mechanical loading leading to a decrease in muscle mass. This concept has been supported by a plethora of of human- and animal-based studies during the last 100 years and has resulted in the commonly used term of “disuse atrophy”. These same studies have also provided a great deal of insight into the structural adaptations that mediate disuse-induced atrophy. For instance, disuse results in radial atrophy of fascicles, and this is driven, at least in part, by radial atrophy of the muscle fibers. However, the ultrastructural adaptations that mediate these changes remain far from defined. Indeed, even the most basic questions, such as whether the radial atrophy of muscle fibers is driven by the radial atrophy of myofibrils and/or myofibril hypoplasia, have yet to be answered. In this review, we thoroughly summarize what is known about the macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural adaptations that mediated disuse-induced atrophy and highlight some of the major gaps in knowledge that need to be filled.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
30 September 2023
Commenter:
Troy Hornberger
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
Dear Editor, Thank you for swiftly posting our manuscript. When viewing the PDF that was created, we noticed that there was substantial degradation of the image quality in the figures and, in some instances, this degradation makes the key points of the figure illegible. An example can be seen by zooming in on panel D of figure 4. I believe that the image degradation occurred when the layout in the Word document was created as the figures in this document have poor resolution and the advanced options setting for the Word document is to save images at 220 dpi (likely the cause of the degradation in quality). On the preprint.org website, we have uploaded a revised version of the Word document that was created by the layout editing service. In this revised Word document, we have replaced the images with the original high-quality images while the rest of the formatting was preserved. We have also attached a PDF version of this document that maintains the high-resolution quality. If there are concerns about file size the resolution of the pages with figures 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 could be reduced. Preservation of image quality for Figure 6 is moderately important and preservation of the quality in Figure 4 is considered essential. It would be greatly appreciated if these concerns could be promptly addressed. Thank you, Troy Hornberger
Commenter: Troy Hornberger
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Commenter:
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: I am one of the author