Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up

Montserrat Fernández-Guarino; Vivian Stewart; Diego Fernández-Nieto; Carmen Moreno Garcia del Real; David Gonzalez de Olano; Carolina Blanco; Emilio Solano-Solares; Belen De la Hoz Caballer; Javier Martínez-Botas; Maria Laura Garcia-Bermejo; Ana Andrés-Martín

doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1

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preprints.org > medicine and pharmacology > dermatology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up

Montserrat Fernández-Guarino

^* ,

Vivian Stewart

Diego Fernández-Nieto

Carmen Moreno Garcia del Real

David Gonzalez de Olano

Carolina Blanco

Emilio Solano-Solares

Belen De la Hoz Caballer

Javier Martínez-Botas

Maria Laura Garcia-Bermejo

Ana Andrés-Martín

Version 1 : Received: 24 September 2023 / Approved: 25 September 2023 / Online: 25 September 2023 (09:37:37 CEST)

How to cite: Fernández-Guarino, M.; Stewart, V.; Fernández-Nieto, D.; Moreno Garcia del Real, C.; Gonzalez de Olano, D.; Blanco, C.; Solano-Solares, E.; De la Hoz Caballer, B.; Martínez-Botas, J.; Garcia-Bermejo, M.L.; Andrés-Martín, A. Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up. Preprints 2023, 2023091665. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1 Fernández-Guarino, M.; Stewart, V.; Fernández-Nieto, D.; Moreno Garcia del Real, C.; Gonzalez de Olano, D.; Blanco, C.; Solano-Solares, E.; De la Hoz Caballer, B.; Martínez-Botas, J.; Garcia-Bermejo, M.L.; Andrés-Martín, A. Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up. Preprints 2023, 2023091665. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fernández-Guarino, M.; Stewart, V.; Fernández-Nieto, D.; Moreno Garcia del Real, C.; Gonzalez de Olano, D.; Blanco, C.; Solano-Solares, E.; De la Hoz Caballer, B.; Martínez-Botas, J.; Garcia-Bermejo, M.L.; Andrés-Martín, A. Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up. Preprints 2023, 2023091665. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1

APA Style

Fernández-Guarino, M., Stewart, V., Fernández-Nieto, D., Moreno Garcia del Real, C., Gonzalez de Olano, D., Blanco, C., Solano-Solares, E., De la Hoz Caballer, B., Martínez-Botas, J., Garcia-Bermejo, M.L., & Andrés-Martín, A. (2023). Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernández-Guarino, M., Maria Laura Garcia-Bermejo and Ana Andrés-Martín. 2023 "Generalized Rash in Severe Hospitalized COVID Patients: Correlation between Histological Examination, Drug Intake, Blood Interleukins Profileand Long-Term Follow-Up" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1665.v1

Abstract

Background: There have been few reports of cutaneous skin lesions in severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients which exhibit different behavior compared to outpatients. Furthermore, a notable lack of rigorous studies exits. In this study we included patients with generalized rash during the first wave of the pandemic for characterization.Methods: Hospitalized patients with severe confirmed pulmonary COVID-19 infection and a generalized cutaneous rash during the first wave in March-May 2020 were included. The study received approval from the ethics committee. Clinical presentation, histo-logical examination, blood test, and complete blood interleukin profile were assessed. Special immunohistochemical investigations were conducted. Long term follow-up of the patient was performed throuhg a phone call 24 months later. Results: A total 28 patients were studied and classified by histological examination into three groups: G1: perivascular dermatitis (18/28, 64%); G2: Drug reaction (7/28, 25%); and G3: Generalized exanthema and chilblain (3/28, 11%). The virus was not detected in the skin, by PCR and by immunohistochemical analysis, and the interleukin expression in the skin were undetectable results. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), E-selectine, and IT Galpha 5 were unspecific. G1 exhibited the least inflammation, G2 the most in-flammatory, and G3 had previous inflammation. Discussion: Our data suggest that generalized exanthemas during severe SARS-Cov-2 infection exhibit unspecific finding and are similar to other rashes caused by inflammation. Drug reaction should be considered, as they accounted for 25% of the rashes. Further studies including higher number of patients are necessary.

Keywords

skin; COVID infection; cytokines; SARS-CoV-2

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Dermatology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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