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Preprints.org 2023 Most Popular Preprints Award Winner Collection
Submitted:
28 August 2023
Posted:
29 August 2023
You are already at the latest version
Mechanical and physical properties |
Goal | Units | |
---|---|---|---|
min | max | ||
Tear strength | 0.005 | 0.018 | kN/mm |
Tensile strength | 6900 | 13800 | kPa |
Modulus at 100% elongation | 345 | 1720 | kPa |
Elongation at break | 400 | 800 | % |
Glass transition temperature | less 0 | °С | |
Heat distortion temperature | above 120 | °С | |
Critical surface tension | 30 | 45 | mN/m |
Coefficient of friction | 0.4 | 0.6 | none |
Hardness | 25 | 35 | Shore A scale |
Water absorption | None |
Polymer | Description | 3D printing | Advantages | Disadvantages | Application | Ref |
PU | Thermoset, high elastic properties | FDM, SLS, casting in 3D-printed molds | Excellent flexibility, ability to external and internal staining, fine cosmetic results | Sensitivity to moisture, limited mechanical properties | Ocular prostheses, molds, skin-like coating | [63] [64] |
Polyacrylates | ||||||
PMMA | Thermoplast, easy to blend, copolymerization to improve properties | FDM, SLS, casting in 3D-printed molds | low cost, lightweight, transparency, easy to manipulation | Brittle, scratched, unstable in organic solvent, limited mechanical properties | Ocular prostheses, eyeballs, surface coating, implant-supports, molds | [16] [65] |
Photocurable resins | Acryic-based copolymer, cured by light (λ ~365nm) e.g. FotoTec DLP.A, TangoPlus |
SLA, DLP, casting in 3D-printed molds | Easy to manipulation, diversity of samples with various properties | Shrinkage, distortion, side-product under curing, fracture | Auricular, nasal, ocular prostheses, implants, molds | [65] [66] [67] |
Adhesives | Polyalkyl acrylates with soft and hard segments, viscoelastic | - | Diversity of samples, easy tuned adhesion-cohesion, low cost | Contain solvents, insufficient wetting strength | Attachment of prostheses | [68] |
Polyesters | ||||||
PCL | Thermoplast, easy to blend, high strength, elasticity. | FDM, SLS, casing in 3D-printed molds | Low melting point, biodegradable, mechanically strong, easy processing, tissue regeneration | Slow biodegradation with acid release, impossibility of thermal sterilization | Implant-supports of orbital prostheses, molds | [69] [70] |
PLA | Thermoplast, easy to blend, high strength, permeability for gases and water | FDM, SLS, casting in 3D-printed molds | Low melting point, low shrinkage, mechanically strong, easy processing | Low heat resistance, brittleness, slow biodegradation with acid release | Implant-supports of auricular prostheses, molds, mock implants | [71] [72] [73] |
PEEK | Thermoplast, exceptional mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, capable of blending. | FDM, SLS, | High strength, stiffness, and toughness | High melting point, high melt viscosity, moderately resistant to UV radiation, processing affects mechanical properties. | Reinforcement of auricular prostheses | [74] |
Polystyrenes | ||||||
PS | Thermoplast, rigid, hard, easy to blend, copolymerization to improve properties. | FDM | High dimensional stability, good processing, low water uptake and shrinkage, chemically resistant | Brittle, limited chemical resistance to organic solvents | Molds | [75] |
ABS | Thermoplast, rigid, hard, easy to blend | SLA, FDM,SLS , binder jetting | Chemically resistant, heat tolerance, high impact strength, rigidity, high resistance to stress cracking | Poor resistance to chlorinated solvents, UV-light | Molds, mock implants | [73] [76] [77] |
Silicones | ||||||
Silicone RTV | Elastomer, easy to blend | Casting in 3D-printed molds, extrusion, jetting, SLA, DLP | Skin-like flexibility, heat resistance, radically low viscosity-temperature coefficients, biocompatibility, and intrinsic transparency, easy processing | Poor mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, troubles with external staining, and impurities. | All types of facial prostheses | [76] [78] [72] |
Silicone HTV | Elastomer, easy to blend | Casting in 3D-printed molds, extrusion, jetting, SLA, DLP | Transparent, odorless polycondensation samples, have relatively high tensile and tear strength, easy processing | Volatile residues, yellowing after curing, Pt-catalyzed have a strong odor, sticky to the touch | Auricular prostheses, molds | [79] |
Adhesives | Elastomer, viscoelastic, formed MQ resins | - | Spread and rapid, intensive surface wetting, easy tuned adhesion- cohesion, low cost | Possible damage of skin, insufficient wetting strength | Attachment of prostheses | [80] |
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