A Cell-Adapted Live-Attenuated Vaccine Protects Pigs against the Contemporary Pandemic African Swine Fever Virus

Quang Lam Truong; Lihua Wang; Tuan Anh Nguyen; Hoa Thi Nguyen; Son Danh Tran; Anh Thi Vu; Anh Dao Le; Van-Giap Nguyen; Phuong Thi Hoang; Yen Thi Nguyen; Thi-Luyen Le; Thang Nguyen Van; Thi-My-Le Huynh; Huong T.L. Lai; Rachel Madera; Yuzhen Li; Jishu Shi; Lan Thi Nguyen

doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1896.v1

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preprints.org > biology and life sciences > immunology and microbiology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202308.1896.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

A Cell-Adapted Live-Attenuated Vaccine Protects Pigs against the Contemporary Pandemic African Swine Fever Virus

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Version 1 : Received: 26 August 2023 / Approved: 28 August 2023 / Online: 29 August 2023 (03:36:50 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Truong, Q.L.; Wang, L.; Nguyen, T.A.; Nguyen, H.T.; Tran, S.D.; Vu, A.T.; Le, A.D.; Nguyen, V.G.; Hoang, P.T.; Nguyen, Y.T.; Le, T.L.; Van, T.N.; Huynh, T.M.L.; Lai, H.T.L.; Madera, R.; Li, Y.; Shi, J.; Nguyen, L.T. A Cell-Adapted Live-Attenuated Vaccine Candidate Protects Pigs against the Homologous Strain VNUA-ASFV-05L1, a Representative Strain of the Contemporary Pandemic African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2023, 15, 2089. Truong, Q.L.; Wang, L.; Nguyen, T.A.; Nguyen, H.T.; Tran, S.D.; Vu, A.T.; Le, A.D.; Nguyen, V.G.; Hoang, P.T.; Nguyen, Y.T.; Le, T.L.; Van, T.N.; Huynh, T.M.L.; Lai, H.T.L.; Madera, R.; Li, Y.; Shi, J.; Nguyen, L.T. A Cell-Adapted Live-Attenuated Vaccine Candidate Protects Pigs against the Homologous Strain VNUA-ASFV-05L1, a Representative Strain of the Contemporary Pandemic African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2023, 15, 2089.

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal and highly contagious transboundary animal disease with the potential for rapid international spread. Currently, there is no ASF vaccine commercially available. All infected animals must be isolated and culled immediately upon confirmation of the presence of the virus. Works leading to the rational development of protective ASF vaccines are urgently needed. Here, we generated a safe and efficacious live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 by serial passaging of a field isolate (VNUA-ASFV-05L1, genotype II) in porcine alveolar macrophage (PAMs, 65 passages) and an immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cell line (3D4/21, 55 passages). VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 can efficiently replicate in both PAMs and 3D4/21 cells. It provides 100% protection, even with the low dose of 10^2 HAD50, for the vaccinated pigs against the challenge of contemporary pandemic ASFV field isolate. Pigs vaccinated with this LAV at a dose range of 10^2 to 10^5 HAD50 remained clinically healthy during both the 28-day observation period of immunization and the 28-day observation period of challenge. VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 was completely eliminated from blood by 28 days post inoculation (DPI), and from feces or oral fluids by 17 DPI. It remained a safe, stable, and attenuated phenotype after five passages in pigs. Consistently high levels of ASFV-specific IgG antibodies and significant cellular immunity were detected in vaccinated pigs before the ASFV challenge. These results indicate that the VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 strain is a safe and efficacious LAV against the genotype II ASFV strain responsible for current ASF outbreaks in Asia.

Keywords

African swine fever; African swine fever virus; cell-adapted; live-attenuated; vaccine; immunity; protection

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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