Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Influence of the heat treatment duration on the cycling performance and electrochemical mechanism of Na2Ti3O7 as anode material for Na-ion batteries

Caroline Piffet
* ,
Nicolas Eshraghi
ORCID logo ,
Gregory Mottet
,
Frédéric Hatert
ORCID logo ,
Jolanta Swiatowska
* ORCID logo ,
Rudi Cloots
,
Frederic Boschini
,
Abdelfattah Mahmoud
*
Version 1 : Received: 31 July 2023 / Approved: 1 August 2023 / Online: 2 August 2023 (05:42:54 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Piffet, C.; Eshraghi, N.; Mottet, G.; Hatert, F.; Światowska, J.; Cloots, R.; Boschini, F.; Mahmoud, A. Effect of the Calcination Duration on the Electrochemical Properties of Na2Ti3O7 as Anode Material for Na-Ion Batteries. Batteries 2023, 9, 495. Piffet, C.; Eshraghi, N.; Mottet, G.; Hatert, F.; Światowska, J.; Cloots, R.; Boschini, F.; Mahmoud, A. Effect of the Calcination Duration on the Electrochemical Properties of Na2Ti3O7 as Anode Material for Na-Ion Batteries. Batteries 2023, 9, 495.

Abstract

The growing interest in Na-ion batteries as a “beyond lithium” technologies for energy storage drives the research for high-performance and environment-friendly materials. Na2Ti3O7 (NTO) as an eco-friendly, low-cost anode material shows a very low working potential of 0.3 V vs Na+/Na but suffers from poor cycling stability, which properties can be significantly influenced by materials synthesis and treatment. Thus, in this work, the influence of the calcination time on the electrochemical performance and the reaction mechanism during cycling were investigated. NTO heat-treated for 48 h at 800 °C (NTO-48h) demonstrated enhanced cycling performance in comparison to NTO heat-treated for only 8 h (NTO-8h). The pristine material was thoroughully characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser granulometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and specific surface area measurements. The reaction mechanisms induced by sodiation/desodiation and cycling were investigated by opernado XRD. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to evidence the evolution of the solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI) and modification of charge transfer resistances as well as the influence of cycling on capacity decay. The evolution of the crystallographic structure of NTO-48h revealed a more ordered structure and lower surface contamination compared to NTO-8h. Moreover, the residual Na4Ti3O7 phase detected after the sodium extraction step in NTO-8h seems correlated to the lower electrochemical performance of NTO-8h compared to NTO-48h.

Keywords

Na-ion batteries; Na2Ti3O7; Operando XRD; Insertion mechanism; Electreochemical impedance spectroscopy

Subject

Chemistry and Materials Science, Materials Science and Technology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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