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Preeclampsia and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Version 1
: Received: 25 June 2023 / Approved: 26 June 2023 / Online: 26 June 2023 (10:15:08 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Mayer-Pickel, K.; Nanda, M.; Gajic, M.; Cervar-Zivkovic, M. Preeclampsia and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2298. Mayer-Pickel, K.; Nanda, M.; Gajic, M.; Cervar-Zivkovic, M. Preeclampsia and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2298.
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by venous or arterial thrombosis and/or adverse pregnancy outcome in the presence of persistent laboratory evidence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL).
Preeclampsia (PE) complicates about 10-17% of pregnancies with APS. However, only early onset PE (< 34 weeks of gestation) belongs to the clinical criteria of APS.
The similarities in the pathophysiology of early onset PE and APS emphasize an association of these two syndromes. Overall, both are the result of a defective trophoblast invasion and decidual transformation at early gestation.
Women with APS are at increased risk for prematurity; the reasons are mostly iatrogenic due to placental dysfunction, such as PE or FGR.
Interestingly, women with APS have also an increased risk for preterm delivery, even in the absence of FGR and PE and therefore not indicated but spontaneous.
The basic treatment of APS in pregnancy is low-dose-aspirin and low-molecular- weight-heparin. Nevertheless, up to 20-30% of women develop complications at early and late gestation despite basic treatment. Several additional treatment options have been proposed, with Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) being one of the most efficient.
Additionally, nutritional interventions, such as intake of vitamin D have shown promising beneficial effects. Curcumin, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, might be considered as additional intervention as well.
Keywords
obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome; preeclampsia; prematurity; alternative therapy ; vita-min D; curcumin; hydroxychloroquine
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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