Tamarindo, G.H.; Alonso Novais, A.; De Almeida Chuffa, L.G.; Pires de Campos Zuccari, D.A. Metabolic Alterations in Canine Mammary Tumors. Animals2023, 13, 2757.
Tamarindo, G.H.; Alonso Novais, A.; De Almeida Chuffa, L.G.; Pires de Campos Zuccari, D.A. Metabolic Alterations in Canine Mammary Tumors. Animals 2023, 13, 2757.
Tamarindo, G.H.; Alonso Novais, A.; De Almeida Chuffa, L.G.; Pires de Campos Zuccari, D.A. Metabolic Alterations in Canine Mammary Tumors. Animals2023, 13, 2757.
Tamarindo, G.H.; Alonso Novais, A.; De Almeida Chuffa, L.G.; Pires de Campos Zuccari, D.A. Metabolic Alterations in Canine Mammary Tumors. Animals 2023, 13, 2757.
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are among the most common disease in female dogs and share similarities with human breast cancer, which have placed these animals as a model of study in comparative oncology. Metabolic reprogramming is one of them and is known as a hallmark of carcinogenesis whereby cells undergo adjustments to supply the high bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of rapidly proliferating cells. However, such alterations are also vulnerabilities that may serve as therapeutic strategies which have been tested mostly in human clinical trials, but poorly explored in CMTs. In this dedicated review, we compilated the metabolic changes described for CMTs emphasizing the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and mitochondrial function. We observed here key factors associated with the presence and aggressiveness of CMTs, such as the increase in glucose uptake followed by enhanced anaerobic glycolysis via upregulation of glycolytic enzymes, changes in glutamine catabolism due to overexpression of glutaminases, raise in fatty acid oxidation and distinct effects depending on the lipid saturation, in addition to mitochondrial DNA which is a hotspot for mutations. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this topic given that targeting metabolic fragilities could improve the outcome of CMTs.
Biology and Life Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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