Preprint Article Version 3 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Associations of Dietary Intake and Nutrient Status with Micronutrient and Lipid Composition in Breast Milk of Donor Women

Noelia Ureta-Velasco
* ,
Adriana Montealegre-Pomar
,
Kristin Keller
,
Diana Escuder-Vieco
,
Javier Fontecha
ORCID logo ,
María V. Calvo
ORCID logo ,
Javier Megino-Tello
,
José C. E. Serrano
ORCID logo ,
Nadia Raquel García-Lara
,
Carmen R. Pallás-Alonso
Version 1 : Received: 21 June 2023 / Approved: 22 June 2023 / Online: 22 June 2023 (10:55:23 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 28 June 2023 / Approved: 28 June 2023 / Online: 28 June 2023 (16:15:45 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 22 July 2023 / Approved: 24 July 2023 / Online: 25 July 2023 (09:24:33 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Ureta-Velasco, N.; Montealegre-Pomar, A.; Keller, K.; Escuder-Vieco, D.; Fontecha, J.; Calvo, M.V.; Megino-Tello, J.; Serrano, J.C.E.; García-Lara, N.R.; Pallás-Alonso, C.R. Associations of Dietary Intake and Nutrient Status with Micronutrient and Lipid Composition in Breast Milk of Donor Women. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3486. Ureta-Velasco, N.; Montealegre-Pomar, A.; Keller, K.; Escuder-Vieco, D.; Fontecha, J.; Calvo, M.V.; Megino-Tello, J.; Serrano, J.C.E.; García-Lara, N.R.; Pallás-Alonso, C.R. Associations of Dietary Intake and Nutrient Status with Micronutrient and Lipid Composition in Breast Milk of Donor Women. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3486.

Abstract

The influence of diet and nutritional status of milk donors on the nutritional composition of donor human milk (DHM) is unknown. The present study aimed to determine the nutritional profile of DHM and the associations of donors’ dietary intake and nutritional status with micronutrient and lipid composition in DHM. For this purpose, 113 donors completed a food frequency questionnaire, provided a 5-day weighed dietary record, and collected milk for 5 consecutive days. Nutrient determinations in donors’ erythrocytes, plasma, urine, and milk were performed. Multiple linear regressions were conducted for the evaluation of the associations. We highlight the following results: DHM docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was positively associated with donors’ plasma DHA content and donors’ DHA intake (R2 0.45, p < 0.001). For every 1 g/day of DHA intake, the percentage of DHA in DHM increased by 0.38% (% of total fat) and the percentage of total omega-3 in DHM increased by 0.78% (R2 0.29, p < 0.001). DHM saturated fatty acids were positively associated with erythrocyte dimethyl acetals, plasma stearic acid, trans fatty acids intake, and breastfeeding duration, and negatively associated with erythrocyte margaroleic acid (R2 0.34, p < 0.01). DHM cholecalciferol was associated with plasma cholecalciferol levels and dairy intake (R2 0.57, p < 0.01). Other weaker associations were found for free thiamine, free riboflavin, pyridoxal, dehydroascorbic acid, and lipid profile in DHM. In conclusion, the diet and nutritional status of donors influences the fatty acid profile and micronutrient content of DHM.

Keywords

breast milk; human milk bank; associations; donors; diet; nutritional status; lipid profile; vitamins; minerals; docosahexaenoic acid

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Comments (1)

Comment 1
Received: 25 July 2023
Commenter: Noelia Ureta-Velasco
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Comment: We have detected 2 small mistakes.
In the table of associations of fat-soluble vitamins, the values of 25(OH)D3 have been corrected and slightly changed (before line 44). Therefore, the description in the results has changed (lines 429-432).
In the discussion, on line 468, we have changed "mg" (milligram) to "g" (gram).
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