Amariles, P.; Rivera-Cadavid, M.; Ceballos, M. Clinical Relevance of Drug Interactions in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy—Update 2022: Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics2023, 15, 2488.
Amariles, P.; Rivera-Cadavid, M.; Ceballos, M. Clinical Relevance of Drug Interactions in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy—Update 2022: Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 2488.
Amariles, P.; Rivera-Cadavid, M.; Ceballos, M. Clinical Relevance of Drug Interactions in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy—Update 2022: Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics2023, 15, 2488.
Amariles, P.; Rivera-Cadavid, M.; Ceballos, M. Clinical Relevance of Drug Interactions in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy—Update 2022: Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 2488.
Abstract
Background: The clinical outcomes of antiretroviral drugs may be modified by drug interactions; thus, it is important to update the drug interactions in people living with HIV. Aim: To update clinically relevant drug interactions in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A systematic review in Medline/PubMed database from July 2017 to December 2022, using the Mesh terms: Anti-retroviral agents and drug interactions or herb-drug interactions or food-drug interactions. Publications with drug interactions in humans, in English or Spanish, and with full text were retrieved. The clinical relevance of drug interaction was grouped into 5 levels according to gravity and probability of occurrence. Results: 361 articles were identified and 148 were included, which allowed the identification of 894 drug interaction pairs. Among these 894 drug pairs, 355 have not been identified previously; and 89 (25.1%) and 72 (20.2%) were of levels 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, for 197 (55.5%) pairs the mechanism was pharmacokinetic. The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and the protease inhibitors (PIs) with 91 (25.6%) and 76 (21.4%) pairs, respectively were more frequent. Conclusions: In people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, we identify 355 new drug interaction pairs, of them 161 (45.3%) are assessed as levels 1 and 2 and thus, clinically relevant; a figure that is lower compared to 2014-2107 update. The pharmacokinetic mechanism is the most frequently identified. The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and the protease inhibitors (PIs) are the antiretroviral groups with the highest number of clinically relevant drug interactions.
Keywords
drug interactions; antiretroviral agents; HIV/AIDS
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Pharmacy
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
