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A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Health Informatics and Epidemiological Data Analysis in COVID-19 Based Internet of Medical Things (HIEDA-COVID19-IOMT)
Preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2
Authors | Year | Country | Aim of the study |
Study design | Population (sample size) | Relevant measures of mental health | Relevant measures of internet addiction | The most significant results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kumar et al. | 2022 | India | to know the impact of Internet addiction during COVID-19 on anxiety and sleep quality among college students of Bhubaneswar city | web-based cross-sectional, questionnaire study | Students (n = 475) | Generalised Anxiety disorder score; The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index |
Patterns of internet use; Youngs Internet Addiction Test |
- Students' excessive internet usage leads to anxiety, and affects mental health. - Females were highly addicted than males. |
Gao et al. | 2020 | China | to assess the prevalence of mental health problems and examine their association with social media exposure | cross-sectional study | Citizens aged≥18 years old (n = 4872) | WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5); Generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) |
Demographics and social media exposure (SME) | - More than 80% of participants reported frequently exposed to social media. - There was a high prevalence of mental health problems (depression, anxiety and combination of depression and anxiety), which positively associated with frequently social media exposure during the COVID-19 outbreak. |
Lebni et al. | 2020 | Iran | to investigate internet addiction and its effects on the mental health of university students | descriptive-analytical study |
Students (n = 447) |
Goldberg General Health Questionnaire 28 | Young’s Internet Addiction Test | - Excessive use of the Internet by students leads to anxiety, depression and negative mental health, which affects their academic performance - Significant predictors of students' vulnerability to Internet addiction were the critical reason for using the Internet, faculty, depression, the central place for using the Internet, and somatic symptoms. |
Onukwuli et al. | 2022 | Nigeria | to determine the prevalence and associated factors of internet addiction amongst the adolescents in pandemic | cross sectional study | Adolescents (n = 851) |
structured self – administered questionnaire | Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) | - The prevalence of internet addiction was 88.1% (24.9% had mild, 59.6% had moderate, while 3.6% had severe addiction) and a good proportion of the respondents (81.1%) perceived addiction as bad. - The predictors of addiction were the male gender, early adolescent age group and duration of internet use. |
Lin | 2020 | Taiwan | to examine the prevalence of Internet addiction and identify the psychosocial risk factors during the COVID-19 outbreak | cross-sectional |
High school students (n = 1060) |
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) | The Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) | - The prevalence of Internet addiction was found to be 24.4%. - High impulsivity, high virtual social support, older in age, low subjective well-being, low family function, and alexithymia were independent predictors of Internet addiction. |
Siste et al. | 2020 | Indonesia | to assess the impact of COVID-19 on Internet addiction (IA) prevalence and analyzed the correlated factors during quarantine and pandemic | online survey | Adults (n = 4734) |
Symptoms Checklist-90; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index |
Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (KDAI) |
- The prevalence of Internet addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic was 14.4%. - Online duration increased by 52% compared to before the pandemic. - Increased daily online duration, specific motivations, types of application, and having confirmed/suspected COVID-19 cases within the household were predictive of Internet addiction. |
Sarıalioğlu et al. | 2021 | Turkey | to determine the relationship between the levels of loneliness adolescents feel during the pandemic, and their respective levels of internet addiction | descriptive-correlational study | Adolescents (n = 482) |
UCLA loneliness scale-short form (ULS-SF) | Internet addiction scale for adolescents (IASA) | - It was found that family income, mothers' education status, fathers' education status, the duration of Internet use before and during the pandemic, and the total score of loneliness had statistically significant effects on the total score of Internet addiction. - For adolescents as the level of loneliness increases the level of Internet addiction increases as well. |
Hamami et al. | 2021 | Indonesia | to investigate the relationship between stress and internet addiction in college students | survey-based correlational quantitative study | College students (n = 81) |
Perceived Stress Scale-10 modified for COVID-19 | Internet Addiction Test | - There was a significant positive relationship between stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic and internet addiction among students. - The higher the level of stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic in an individual, the higher the tendency for internet addiction. |
Dong et al. | 2020 | China | to assess Internet use characteristics and objectively examine the potential psychological factors associated with Internet addiction (IA) during the COVID-19 epidemic | cross-sectional, anonymized, self-reported survey | Children and adolescents (n = 2050) |
Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT); Questions regarding demographic information and Internet use characteristics |
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) | - Internet usage had grown during the COVID-19 epidemic, including the frequency and duration of recreational Internet use, and the frequency of stay-up Internet use. - Female gender, age, depression, and stress were significantly correlated with excessive Internet use. |
Jain et al. | 2020 | India | to explore the association of internet addiction with depression and insomnia | cross-sectional study | Subjects who had been using internet for past 6 months (n = 954) |
PHQ-9; Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) |
Internet addiction Test (IAT) | - Internet addiction was predominantly associated with depression and insomnia. - Several parameters including graduation level, time spent per day on line, place of internet use, smoking and alcohol had significant association with internet addiction. |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
Submitted:
12 June 2023
Posted:
12 June 2023
You are already at the latest version
A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Health Informatics and Epidemiological Data Analysis in COVID-19 Based Internet of Medical Things (HIEDA-COVID19-IOMT)
Preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2
Submitted:
12 June 2023
Posted:
12 June 2023
You are already at the latest version
Authors | Year | Country | Aim of the study |
Study design | Population (sample size) | Relevant measures of mental health | Relevant measures of internet addiction | The most significant results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kumar et al. | 2022 | India | to know the impact of Internet addiction during COVID-19 on anxiety and sleep quality among college students of Bhubaneswar city | web-based cross-sectional, questionnaire study | Students (n = 475) | Generalised Anxiety disorder score; The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index |
Patterns of internet use; Youngs Internet Addiction Test |
- Students' excessive internet usage leads to anxiety, and affects mental health. - Females were highly addicted than males. |
Gao et al. | 2020 | China | to assess the prevalence of mental health problems and examine their association with social media exposure | cross-sectional study | Citizens aged≥18 years old (n = 4872) | WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5); Generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) |
Demographics and social media exposure (SME) | - More than 80% of participants reported frequently exposed to social media. - There was a high prevalence of mental health problems (depression, anxiety and combination of depression and anxiety), which positively associated with frequently social media exposure during the COVID-19 outbreak. |
Lebni et al. | 2020 | Iran | to investigate internet addiction and its effects on the mental health of university students | descriptive-analytical study |
Students (n = 447) |
Goldberg General Health Questionnaire 28 | Young’s Internet Addiction Test | - Excessive use of the Internet by students leads to anxiety, depression and negative mental health, which affects their academic performance - Significant predictors of students' vulnerability to Internet addiction were the critical reason for using the Internet, faculty, depression, the central place for using the Internet, and somatic symptoms. |
Onukwuli et al. | 2022 | Nigeria | to determine the prevalence and associated factors of internet addiction amongst the adolescents in pandemic | cross sectional study | Adolescents (n = 851) |
structured self – administered questionnaire | Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) | - The prevalence of internet addiction was 88.1% (24.9% had mild, 59.6% had moderate, while 3.6% had severe addiction) and a good proportion of the respondents (81.1%) perceived addiction as bad. - The predictors of addiction were the male gender, early adolescent age group and duration of internet use. |
Lin | 2020 | Taiwan | to examine the prevalence of Internet addiction and identify the psychosocial risk factors during the COVID-19 outbreak | cross-sectional |
High school students (n = 1060) |
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) | The Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) | - The prevalence of Internet addiction was found to be 24.4%. - High impulsivity, high virtual social support, older in age, low subjective well-being, low family function, and alexithymia were independent predictors of Internet addiction. |
Siste et al. | 2020 | Indonesia | to assess the impact of COVID-19 on Internet addiction (IA) prevalence and analyzed the correlated factors during quarantine and pandemic | online survey | Adults (n = 4734) |
Symptoms Checklist-90; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index |
Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (KDAI) |
- The prevalence of Internet addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic was 14.4%. - Online duration increased by 52% compared to before the pandemic. - Increased daily online duration, specific motivations, types of application, and having confirmed/suspected COVID-19 cases within the household were predictive of Internet addiction. |
Sarıalioğlu et al. | 2021 | Turkey | to determine the relationship between the levels of loneliness adolescents feel during the pandemic, and their respective levels of internet addiction | descriptive-correlational study | Adolescents (n = 482) |
UCLA loneliness scale-short form (ULS-SF) | Internet addiction scale for adolescents (IASA) | - It was found that family income, mothers' education status, fathers' education status, the duration of Internet use before and during the pandemic, and the total score of loneliness had statistically significant effects on the total score of Internet addiction. - For adolescents as the level of loneliness increases the level of Internet addiction increases as well. |
Hamami et al. | 2021 | Indonesia | to investigate the relationship between stress and internet addiction in college students | survey-based correlational quantitative study | College students (n = 81) |
Perceived Stress Scale-10 modified for COVID-19 | Internet Addiction Test | - There was a significant positive relationship between stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic and internet addiction among students. - The higher the level of stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic in an individual, the higher the tendency for internet addiction. |
Dong et al. | 2020 | China | to assess Internet use characteristics and objectively examine the potential psychological factors associated with Internet addiction (IA) during the COVID-19 epidemic | cross-sectional, anonymized, self-reported survey | Children and adolescents (n = 2050) |
Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT); Questions regarding demographic information and Internet use characteristics |
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) | - Internet usage had grown during the COVID-19 epidemic, including the frequency and duration of recreational Internet use, and the frequency of stay-up Internet use. - Female gender, age, depression, and stress were significantly correlated with excessive Internet use. |
Jain et al. | 2020 | India | to explore the association of internet addiction with depression and insomnia | cross-sectional study | Subjects who had been using internet for past 6 months (n = 954) |
PHQ-9; Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) |
Internet addiction Test (IAT) | - Internet addiction was predominantly associated with depression and insomnia. - Several parameters including graduation level, time spent per day on line, place of internet use, smoking and alcohol had significant association with internet addiction. |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
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