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A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Original version |
Mutated version | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st Order | Higher Order Mutant | ||
2nd Order | 3rd Order | ||
double n, m double d=n*m double d= n/m |
double n, m double d=n+m double d= n/m |
double n, m double d=n+m double d= n-m |
double n, m double d=n+m double d= n-m++ |
Title | Description | Scale |
---|---|---|
Triangle | find the type of triangle according to its sides’ lengths. | 52 LOC |
Sort | arrange a group of items | 40 LOC |
Stack | using push method to enter a group of elements and using pop method to delete element from stack. | 51 LOC |
Reversed | returns the array after inverting the elements | 44 LOC |
Clock | return the time in hours, minutes and seconds | 63 LOC |
Quotient | return the quotient and the remainder of the division between two numbers | 43 LOC |
Product | find the summation, multiplication and subtraction of three numbers. | 54 LOC |
Area | find the areas of any circle, triangle or rectangle. | 59 LOC |
Dist | calling variables with more than one object and printing their dependent values with each call | 52 LOC |
Middle | find the middle value of three numbers. | 42 LOC |
Tested Program | all 1st order | killable 1st order | all 2nd order | killable 2nd order | du-based killable 2nd order |
du-pairs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Triangle | 163 | 146 | 30799 | 23799 | 2459 | 102 |
Sort | 120 | 104 | 15960 | 11547 | 2333 | 95 |
Stack | 70 | 57 | 5146 | 3507 | 354 | 68 |
Reversed | 98 | 78 | 10444 | 6620 | 956 | 77 |
Clock | 78 | 74 | 7638 | 7036 | 109 | 64 |
Quotient | 156 | 140 | 27184 | 21338 | 2597 | 89 |
Product | 117 | 101 | 17018 | 12321 | 759 | 71 |
Area | 112 | 88 | 15555 | 8656 | 405 | 64 |
Dist | 83 | 73 | 9207 | 6774 | 274 | 64 |
Middle | 74 | 70 | 6876 | 5458 | 319 | 70 |
Total | 1071 | 931 | 145827 | 107056 | 10565 | 764 |
Tested Program | Cover size of 2nd order mutants |
Cover size of all du-pairs |
---|---|---|
Triangle | 71.3 | 21.3 |
Sort | 18.3 | 6.7 |
Stack | 49.3 | 21.0 |
Reversed | 34.7 | 15.3 |
Clock | 101.3 | 32.7 |
Quotient | 34.3 | 16.3 |
Product | 79.7 | 21.3 |
Area | 89.3 | 30.7 |
Dist | 80.7 | 24.7 |
Middle | 32.3 | 12.7 |
Average | 59.1 | 20.3 |
2nd-order mutant | du-pairs | ||
---|---|---|---|
Mean | 59.13 | 20.27 | |
Variance | 824.4 | 62.96 | |
P(T<=t) two-tail | 2.77E-04 |
Tested Program | Suite1 | Suite2 | Suite3 | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|
Triangle | 98% | 100% | 98% | 98.7% |
Sort | 96% | 96% | 96% | 95.6% |
Stack | 89% | 100% | 89% | 92.6% |
Reversed | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Clock | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Quotient | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Product | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Area | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Dist | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Middle | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Average | 98.3% | 99.6% | 98.3% | 98.7% |
Tested Program | Suite1 | Suite2 | Suite3 | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|
Triangle | 80% | 82% | 80% | 81% |
Sort | 85% | 85% | 85% | 85% |
Stack | 89% | 85% | 85% | 86% |
Reversed | 75% | 80% | 75% | 77% |
Clock | 80% | 80% | 80% | 80% |
Quotient | 70% | 73% | 70% | 71% |
Product | 78% | 80% | 75% | 78% |
Area | 80% | 83% | 88% | 84% |
Dist | 79% | 90% | 79% | 83% |
Middle | 85% | 85% | 85% | 85% |
Average | 80.1% | 82.3% | 80.2% | 80.9% |
2nd-order mutant | du-pairs | ||
---|---|---|---|
Mean | 98.7% | 80.9% | |
Variance | 0.1% | 0.2% | |
P(T<=t) two-tail | 1.11E-05 |
Tested Program | No. of faults | failure detection efficiency | |
---|---|---|---|
2nd-order mutation | du-pairs | ||
Triangle | 2459 | 98% | 91% |
Sort | 2333 | 96% | 84% |
Stack | 354 | 89% | 72% |
Reversed | 956 | 100% | 82% |
Clock | 109 | 100% | 75% |
Quotient | 2597 | 100% | 92% |
Product | 759 | 100% | 93% |
Area | 405 | 100% | 86% |
Dist | 274 | 100% | 89% |
Middle | 319 | 100% | 92% |
Total = 10565 | Average = 98% | Average = 86% |
2nd-order mutant | du-pairs | ||
---|---|---|---|
Mean | 98.3% | 85.7% | |
Variance | 0.1% | 0.6% | |
P(T<=t) two-tail | 9.195E-05 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
Submitted:
06 June 2023
Posted:
07 June 2023
You are already at the latest version
A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Submitted:
06 June 2023
Posted:
07 June 2023
You are already at the latest version
Original version |
Mutated version | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st Order | Higher Order Mutant | ||
2nd Order | 3rd Order | ||
double n, m double d=n*m double d= n/m |
double n, m double d=n+m double d= n/m |
double n, m double d=n+m double d= n-m |
double n, m double d=n+m double d= n-m++ |
Title | Description | Scale |
---|---|---|
Triangle | find the type of triangle according to its sides’ lengths. | 52 LOC |
Sort | arrange a group of items | 40 LOC |
Stack | using push method to enter a group of elements and using pop method to delete element from stack. | 51 LOC |
Reversed | returns the array after inverting the elements | 44 LOC |
Clock | return the time in hours, minutes and seconds | 63 LOC |
Quotient | return the quotient and the remainder of the division between two numbers | 43 LOC |
Product | find the summation, multiplication and subtraction of three numbers. | 54 LOC |
Area | find the areas of any circle, triangle or rectangle. | 59 LOC |
Dist | calling variables with more than one object and printing their dependent values with each call | 52 LOC |
Middle | find the middle value of three numbers. | 42 LOC |
Tested Program | all 1st order | killable 1st order | all 2nd order | killable 2nd order | du-based killable 2nd order |
du-pairs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Triangle | 163 | 146 | 30799 | 23799 | 2459 | 102 |
Sort | 120 | 104 | 15960 | 11547 | 2333 | 95 |
Stack | 70 | 57 | 5146 | 3507 | 354 | 68 |
Reversed | 98 | 78 | 10444 | 6620 | 956 | 77 |
Clock | 78 | 74 | 7638 | 7036 | 109 | 64 |
Quotient | 156 | 140 | 27184 | 21338 | 2597 | 89 |
Product | 117 | 101 | 17018 | 12321 | 759 | 71 |
Area | 112 | 88 | 15555 | 8656 | 405 | 64 |
Dist | 83 | 73 | 9207 | 6774 | 274 | 64 |
Middle | 74 | 70 | 6876 | 5458 | 319 | 70 |
Total | 1071 | 931 | 145827 | 107056 | 10565 | 764 |
Tested Program | Cover size of 2nd order mutants |
Cover size of all du-pairs |
---|---|---|
Triangle | 71.3 | 21.3 |
Sort | 18.3 | 6.7 |
Stack | 49.3 | 21.0 |
Reversed | 34.7 | 15.3 |
Clock | 101.3 | 32.7 |
Quotient | 34.3 | 16.3 |
Product | 79.7 | 21.3 |
Area | 89.3 | 30.7 |
Dist | 80.7 | 24.7 |
Middle | 32.3 | 12.7 |
Average | 59.1 | 20.3 |
2nd-order mutant | du-pairs | ||
---|---|---|---|
Mean | 59.13 | 20.27 | |
Variance | 824.4 | 62.96 | |
P(T<=t) two-tail | 2.77E-04 |
Tested Program | Suite1 | Suite2 | Suite3 | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|
Triangle | 98% | 100% | 98% | 98.7% |
Sort | 96% | 96% | 96% | 95.6% |
Stack | 89% | 100% | 89% | 92.6% |
Reversed | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Clock | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Quotient | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Product | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Area | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Dist | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Middle | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Average | 98.3% | 99.6% | 98.3% | 98.7% |
Tested Program | Suite1 | Suite2 | Suite3 | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|
Triangle | 80% | 82% | 80% | 81% |
Sort | 85% | 85% | 85% | 85% |
Stack | 89% | 85% | 85% | 86% |
Reversed | 75% | 80% | 75% | 77% |
Clock | 80% | 80% | 80% | 80% |
Quotient | 70% | 73% | 70% | 71% |
Product | 78% | 80% | 75% | 78% |
Area | 80% | 83% | 88% | 84% |
Dist | 79% | 90% | 79% | 83% |
Middle | 85% | 85% | 85% | 85% |
Average | 80.1% | 82.3% | 80.2% | 80.9% |
2nd-order mutant | du-pairs | ||
---|---|---|---|
Mean | 98.7% | 80.9% | |
Variance | 0.1% | 0.2% | |
P(T<=t) two-tail | 1.11E-05 |
Tested Program | No. of faults | failure detection efficiency | |
---|---|---|---|
2nd-order mutation | du-pairs | ||
Triangle | 2459 | 98% | 91% |
Sort | 2333 | 96% | 84% |
Stack | 354 | 89% | 72% |
Reversed | 956 | 100% | 82% |
Clock | 109 | 100% | 75% |
Quotient | 2597 | 100% | 92% |
Product | 759 | 100% | 93% |
Area | 405 | 100% | 86% |
Dist | 274 | 100% | 89% |
Middle | 319 | 100% | 92% |
Total = 10565 | Average = 98% | Average = 86% |
2nd-order mutant | du-pairs | ||
---|---|---|---|
Mean | 98.3% | 85.7% | |
Variance | 0.1% | 0.6% | |
P(T<=t) two-tail | 9.195E-05 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
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