Article
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Landscape Democracy and the Implementation of Renewable Energy Facilities
Version 1
: Received: 16 May 2023 / Approved: 17 May 2023 / Online: 17 May 2023 (03:48:10 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Arler, F.; Sperling, K.; Borch, K. Landscape Democracy and the Implementation of Renewable Energy Facilities. Energies 2023, 16, 4997. Arler, F.; Sperling, K.; Borch, K. Landscape Democracy and the Implementation of Renewable Energy Facilities. Energies 2023, 16, 4997.
Abstract
Abstract: The internationally accepted goals of eliminating climate gas emissions implies substantial investments in renewable energy (RE) facilities. This will inevitably lead to major impacts on landscapes. Landscape concerns linked to RE facilities are already leading to controversies in many local communities. In this article, we focus on the question of landscape democracy related to the establishment of RE facilities. Based on recommendations from the European Landscape Convention, an analytical framework is presented identifying three main dimensions of landscape democracy, followed by an overview of arrangements, procedures and methods that are or may be used to encourage democracy. The procedures and methods are analysed based on examples from Denmark and Norway. This is followed by an analysis of decision levels with a special focus on the principle of subsidiarity. Finally, recommendations are presented to strengthen landscape democracy in relation to the installation of RE-facilities.
Keywords
renewable energy; wind turbines; PV-plants; energy planning; landscape democracy; landscape quality; citizen participation; green transition; principle of subsidiarity
Subject
Social Sciences, Geography, Planning and Development
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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