Gupta, A.; Singh, A.P.; Singh, V.K.; Sinha, R.P. Recent Developments and Future Perspectives of Vaccines and Therapeutic Agents against SARS-CoV2 Using the BCOV_S1_CTD of the S Protein. Viruses2023, 15, 1234.
Gupta, A.; Singh, A.P.; Singh, V.K.; Sinha, R.P. Recent Developments and Future Perspectives of Vaccines and Therapeutic Agents against SARS-CoV2 Using the BCOV_S1_CTD of the S Protein. Viruses 2023, 15, 1234.
Gupta, A.; Singh, A.P.; Singh, V.K.; Sinha, R.P. Recent Developments and Future Perspectives of Vaccines and Therapeutic Agents against SARS-CoV2 Using the BCOV_S1_CTD of the S Protein. Viruses2023, 15, 1234.
Gupta, A.; Singh, A.P.; Singh, V.K.; Sinha, R.P. Recent Developments and Future Perspectives of Vaccines and Therapeutic Agents against SARS-CoV2 Using the BCOV_S1_CTD of the S Protein. Viruses 2023, 15, 1234.
Abstract
Since the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the virus kept developing and mutating into different variants over time that also gained increased transmissibility and spread in populations at a higher pace, culminating in successive waves of COVID-19 cases. The scientific community has developed vaccines and antiviral agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease. Realizing that growing SARS-CoV-2 variations significantly impact the efficacy of antiviral therapies and vaccines, we have summarized the appearance and attributes of SARS-CoV-2 variants for future perspectives in drug design, bringing up-to-date hints for developing therapeutic agents targeting the variants. The Omicron variant is among the most mutated form; its strong transmissibility and immune resistance capacity have prompted international worry. Most mutation sites currently being studied are located in the BCOV_S1_CTD of the S protein. Despite this, several hurdles remain, such as developing vaccination and pharmacological treatment efficacies for emerging mutants of SARS-CoV-2 strains. In this review, we present an updated viewpoint on the current issues faced by the emergence of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical studies conducted to assist the development and dissemination of vaccines, small molecule therapeutics, and therapeutic antibodies having broad-spectrum action against SARS-CoV-2 strains.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
