Al Kiyumi, M.H.; Al Shidhani, A.S.; Al Sumri, H.; Al Saidi, Y.; Al Harrasi, A.; Al Kiyumi, M.; Al Sumri, S.; Al Toubi, A.; Shetty, M.; Al-Adawi, S. Intimate Partner Violence in Khaliji Women: A Review of the Frequency and Related Factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health2023, 20, 6241.
Al Kiyumi, M.H.; Al Shidhani, A.S.; Al Sumri, H.; Al Saidi, Y.; Al Harrasi, A.; Al Kiyumi, M.; Al Sumri, S.; Al Toubi, A.; Shetty, M.; Al-Adawi, S. Intimate Partner Violence in Khaliji Women: A Review of the Frequency and Related Factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6241.
Al Kiyumi, M.H.; Al Shidhani, A.S.; Al Sumri, H.; Al Saidi, Y.; Al Harrasi, A.; Al Kiyumi, M.; Al Sumri, S.; Al Toubi, A.; Shetty, M.; Al-Adawi, S. Intimate Partner Violence in Khaliji Women: A Review of the Frequency and Related Factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health2023, 20, 6241.
Al Kiyumi, M.H.; Al Shidhani, A.S.; Al Sumri, H.; Al Saidi, Y.; Al Harrasi, A.; Al Kiyumi, M.; Al Sumri, S.; Al Toubi, A.; Shetty, M.; Al-Adawi, S. Intimate Partner Violence in Khaliji Women: A Review of the Frequency and Related Factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6241.
Abstract
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), locally known as Khaliji, is a group of six Arab nations, including Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern in the GCC region, but the research that synthesized the trend has received scant attention. The present narrative review examines existing research on the prevalence and frequency of IPV among Khaliji women in GCC nations. This review synthesized studies on physical violence, sexual violence, emotional abuse, and controlling behaviors perpetrated by an intimate partner. The prevalence rates of IPV among Khaliji women are observed to be high: women reported facing different types of abuse from their partners, namely physical (7% - 71%), sexual (3.7% - 81%), financial (21.3% - 26%) and psychological (7.5% - 89%), which is a culmination of controlling behavior (36.8%), emotional (22% - 69%) and social violence (34%). The extant studies in the GCC suggest that the most endorsed IPV was psychological abuse (89%) followed by sexual violence (81%). Qualitative content analysis of the associated factors resulted in four meaningful descriptors such as demographics of the victim, sociocultural factors, socioeconomic, and perpetrator-related issues. The study on IPV is still nascent and few. The way forward will require developing culturally appropriate interventions that address unique risk factors for IPV among Khaliji populations, strengthening institutional responses, and increasing awareness and social support for the victim of IPV.
Keywords
Intimate partner violence; Domestic violence; Prevalence rates, forms of IPV (physical, sexual, emotional, economic); Risk factors; cultural attitudes towards violence and gender roles, GCC, Arab, Khaliji
Subject
Public Health and Healthcare, Public Health and Health Services
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
