Siyahi, V.C.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Yurovskaya, M.; Collard, F.; Chapron, B. On Surface Waves Generated by Extra-Tropical Cyclones—Part I: Multi-Satellite Measurements. Remote Sens.2023, 15, 1940.
Siyahi, V.C.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Yurovskaya, M.; Collard, F.; Chapron, B. On Surface Waves Generated by Extra-Tropical Cyclones—Part I: Multi-Satellite Measurements. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 1940.
Siyahi, V.C.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Yurovskaya, M.; Collard, F.; Chapron, B. On Surface Waves Generated by Extra-Tropical Cyclones—Part I: Multi-Satellite Measurements. Remote Sens.2023, 15, 1940.
Siyahi, V.C.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Yurovskaya, M.; Collard, F.; Chapron, B. On Surface Waves Generated by Extra-Tropical Cyclones—Part I: Multi-Satellite Measurements. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 1940.
Abstract
Surface waves generated by Extra-Tropical Cyclones (ETCs) can significantly affect shipping, fishing, offshore oil and gas production and other marine activities. This paper presents results of satellite-data-based investigation of wind waves generated by two North Atlantic ETCs. These ETCs were fast-moving systems, inhibiting resonance (synchronism) between the group velocity of the generated waves and the ETC translation velocity. For these cases, the wave generation begins when the front-boundary of the storm appears at a given ocean location point. Since developing waves are slow, they move backward relative to the storm, grow in time, and then leave the ETC stormy area through the rear sector. Multi-satellite observations confirm such a paradigm, and reveal that the storm regions is filled up with young developing wind waves which are most developed in the rear-right sector. As observed, the energy of these waves was growing in time during the ETC life span. It is demonstrated that the extended-fetch concept (inherent for Tropical Cyclones) does not apply for ETC. Instead, by analogy, the concept of extended-duration wave growth concept is more relevant. Satellite observations well confirm the validity of duration-laws for waves generated by ETCs, and demonstrate that extended-fetch regime for observing waves can only asymptotically be achieved, - at time intervals exceeding the lifespan of considered ETCs.
Keywords
Extreme Waves; Extra-Tropical Cyclones; Altimeter and SWIM-CFOSAT; Ocean Surface Waves Remote Sensing; Atlantic Ocean; Ocean Surface Waves Monitoring and Modeling; Self-Similar Solutions; Fetch and Duration Laws
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Oceanography
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
,
