Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Land use and Climatic Determinants of Population Exposure to PM2.5 in the Central part of Bangladesh

Version 1 : Received: 14 March 2023 / Approved: 14 March 2023 / Online: 14 March 2023 (06:17:28 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Hassan, M.S.; Gomes, R.F.L.; Bhuiyan, M.A.H.; Rahman, M.T. Land Use and the Climatic Determinants of Population Exposure to PM2.5 in Central Bangladesh. Pollutants 2023, 3, 381-395. Hassan, M.S.; Gomes, R.F.L.; Bhuiyan, M.A.H.; Rahman, M.T. Land Use and the Climatic Determinants of Population Exposure to PM2.5 in Central Bangladesh. Pollutants 2023, 3, 381-395.

Abstract

The major industrial cities of Bangladesh are heavily experiencing air pollution-related problems due to the increased trend of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and other pollutants. This paper aimed to investigate and understand the relationship between PM2.5 and land use and climatic variables and to identify the riskiest area and population groups using a Geographic information system and regression analysis. The results show that about 41% of PM2.5 concentration increased within 19 years (2002-2021) in the study area, while the highest concentration of PM2.5 was found from 2012 to 2021. The concentrations of PM2.5 were higher over barren lands, forests, croplands, and urban areas. About 64%, 62.7%, 57%, and 55% concentrations were increased annually over barren lands, forests, cropland, and urban regions, respectively, from 2002-2021. The highest concentration level of PM2.5 (84 mg m-3) among other land use classes was found in urban areas in 2021. The regression analysis shows that air pressure (r2= - 0.26), evaporation (r2= - 0.01), humidity (r2= - 0.22), rainfall (r2= - 0.20), and water vapor (r2= - 0.03) were negatively correlated with PM2.5. On the other hand, air temperature (r2= 0.24), ground heat (r2= 0.60), and wind speed (r2= 0.34) were positively correlated with PM2.5. More than 60 Upazilas were the most polluted areas, with 1,948,029 populations (ages 0-5), 485,407 (ages 50-69), and a total population of 11,260,162 were in the high-risk/hotspot zone. The government line department may use the main results paper's key results, policymakers, stainable development practitioners, academicians, and others for integrated air pollution mitigation and management in Bangladesh and other geographical settings worldwide.

Keywords

Bangladesh; Dhaka; climatic variables; land use; PM2.5; statistical relationship

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science

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