Version 1
: Received: 8 March 2023 / Approved: 13 March 2023 / Online: 13 March 2023 (14:04:54 CET)
How to cite:
Aras, A.; Rizvanoglu, S.S.; Tanriverdi, E.S.; Karaca, B.; Eryilmaz, M. The Effects of Antiperspirant Aluminum Chlorohydrate on the Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis . Preprints2023, 2023030234. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0234.v1
Aras, A.; Rizvanoglu, S.S.; Tanriverdi, E.S.; Karaca, B.; Eryilmaz, M. The Effects of Antiperspirant Aluminum Chlorohydrate on the Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis . Preprints 2023, 2023030234. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0234.v1
Aras, A.; Rizvanoglu, S.S.; Tanriverdi, E.S.; Karaca, B.; Eryilmaz, M. The Effects of Antiperspirant Aluminum Chlorohydrate on the Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis . Preprints2023, 2023030234. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0234.v1
APA Style
Aras, A., Rizvanoglu, S.S., Tanriverdi, E.S., Karaca, B., & Eryilmaz, M. (2023). The Effects of Antiperspirant Aluminum Chlorohydrate on the Development of Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis </i>. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0234.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Aras, A., Basar Karaca and Mujde Eryilmaz. 2023 "The Effects of Antiperspirant Aluminum Chlorohydrate on the Development of Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis </i>" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0234.v1
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of the antiperspirant aluminum chlorohydrate on the development of antibiotic resistance in commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates. The isolates were exposed to aluminum chlorohydrate for 30 days, respectively. The bacteria that developed resistance to oxacillin, and ciprofloxacin were isolated, and the expression levels of some antibiotic resistance genes were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. Before and after the exposure, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the bacteria were determined by the microdilution method. A time-dependent increase was observed in the number of bacteria that developed resistance and increased the MIC value. Consistent with the ciprofloxacin resistance observed after exposure, an increase in the norA, norB/C, gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE gene expressions was observed. In addition to aluminum chlorohydrate exposure, oxacillin resistance was observed in all test bacteria in the group subcultured only in the medium, suggesting that phenotypic resistance cannot be correlated with chemical exposure in the light of these data. The increase in mecA gene expressions of selected test bacteria that acquired resistance to oxacillin after exposure compared with control groups suggests that the observed resistance may be related to aluminum chlorohydrate exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first time in the literature that the effects of aluminum chlorohydrate as an antiperspirant on the development of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis have been reported.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
