Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Japanese Encephalitis Virus: An Emerging Threat in the Indo-Pacific Region

Kumar Saurabh Srivastava
ORCID logo ,
Vandana Jeswani
,
Nabanita Pal
,
Babita Bohra
,
Vaishali Vishwakarma
,
Atharva Ashish Bapat
,
Yamini Prashanti Patnaik
,
Navin Khanna
* ,
Rahul Shukla
*
Version 1 : Received: 29 December 2022 / Approved: 30 December 2022 / Online: 30 December 2022 (09:57:27 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Srivastava, K.S.; Jeswani, V.; Pal, N.; Bohra, B.; Vishwakarma, V.; Bapat, A.A.; Patnaik, Y.P.; Khanna, N.; Shukla, R. Japanese Encephalitis Virus: An Update on the Potential Antivirals and Vaccines. Vaccines 2023, 11, 742. Srivastava, K.S.; Jeswani, V.; Pal, N.; Bohra, B.; Vishwakarma, V.; Bapat, A.A.; Patnaik, Y.P.; Khanna, N.; Shukla, R. Japanese Encephalitis Virus: An Update on the Potential Antivirals and Vaccines. Vaccines 2023, 11, 742.

Abstract

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a disease caused by the Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV). JEV is an arbovirus that spreads primarily through the bite of a female Culex spp. mosquito. JE shows predominance over the Asia-pacific region and has the potential to spread globally with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. JE, a neuro-invasive disease, initiates with mild fever which may lead to encephalitis with severe neurological sequelae in some cases. Efforts have been made to identify and select various target molecules essential in JEV progression, but until now, no licensed anti-JE drugs have been available. From a prophylactic point of view, a few licensed JE vaccines are available but various factors viz. high cost and different side effects imposed by them has narrowed their global use. With an average occurrence of >67,000 cases of JE annually, there is an urgent need to find a suitable antiviral drug to treat patients at the acute phase, as only supportive care is available to mitigate infection. This systematic review highlights the current status of efforts put in to develop antivirals against JE and the available vaccines along with their effectiveness. It also summarizes epidemiology, structure, pathogenesis, and potential drug targets that can be explored to develop a new range of anti-JEV drugs to combat JEV infection globally.

Keywords

Japanese encephalitis (JE); Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV); Therapeutics; Vaccine; Antiviral; Drug

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Virology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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