Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Burning Mouth Syndrome and Hypertension: Prevalence, Gender Differences and Correlation with Pain and Psycho-social Characteristics

Daniela Adamo
,
Federica Canfora
ORCID logo ,
Calabria Elena
* ORCID logo ,
Noemi Coppola
ORCID logo ,
Mattia Sansone
ORCID logo ,
Gianrico Spagnuolo
ORCID logo ,
Giuseppe Pecoraro
,
Massimo Aria
ORCID logo ,
Luca D'Aniello
ORCID logo ,
Michele Davide Mignogna
,
Stefania Leuci
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 20 December 2022 / Approved: 26 December 2022 / Online: 26 December 2022 (08:36:26 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Adamo, D.; Canfora, F.; Elena, C.; Coppola, N.; Sansone, M.; Spagnuolo, G.; Pecoraro, G.; Aria, M.; D’Aniello, L.; Mignogna, M.D.; Leuci, S. Burning Mouth Syndrome and Hypertension: Prevalence, Gender Differences and Association with Pain and Psycho-Social Characteristics—A Case Control Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2040. Adamo, D.; Canfora, F.; Elena, C.; Coppola, N.; Sansone, M.; Spagnuolo, G.; Pecoraro, G.; Aria, M.; D’Aniello, L.; Mignogna, M.D.; Leuci, S. Burning Mouth Syndrome and Hypertension: Prevalence, Gender Differences and Association with Pain and Psycho-Social Characteristics—A Case Control Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2040.

Abstract

Background: To assess the prevalence of Hypertension (HTN) in Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) patients and to investigate its relationship with sociodemographic factors, pain and the psychological profile. Methods: A case-control study was conducted by enrolling 242 BMS patients and 242 controls matched for age and gender. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, and all the participants completed the numeric rating scale (NRS), the short-form of the McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety and depression (HAM-A, HAM-D), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Results: The BMS patients presented a statistically significant higher prevalence of HTN compared to the controls (55% versus 33.5%; p-value: <.001**) and higher median scores of the NRS, SF-MPQ, HAM-A, HAM-D, PSQI and ESS (p < .001**). Multivariate regression analysis in the BMS patients indicated positive correlations between HTN and age, systemic diseases, drug consumption and anxiety (p-value: <.001**) and these predictors were responsible for 11.3% of the HTN variance in the BMS patients, when considered together. Conclusions: The prevalence of HTN was significantly higher in the BMS patients, since ageing, the presence of comorbidities, drug consumption and anxiety were potential predictors. Further studies are needed to better investigate the relationship between BMS and HTN.

Keywords

burning mouth syndrome; hypertension; pain; mood disorder; systemic comorbidities

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Dentistry and Oral Surgery

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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