Yusuf, A.J.; Abdullahi, M.I.; Nasir, I.; Yunusa, A.; Alebiosu, C.O.; Muhammad, A.A. Isolation and Characterization of Prophylactic Antimalarial Agents from Ochna kibbiensis Leaves. Drug. Drug Candidates2023, 2, 37-51.
Yusuf, A.J.; Abdullahi, M.I.; Nasir, I.; Yunusa, A.; Alebiosu, C.O.; Muhammad, A.A. Isolation and Characterization of Prophylactic Antimalarial Agents from Ochna kibbiensis Leaves. Drug. Drug Candidates 2023, 2, 37-51.
Yusuf, A.J.; Abdullahi, M.I.; Nasir, I.; Yunusa, A.; Alebiosu, C.O.; Muhammad, A.A. Isolation and Characterization of Prophylactic Antimalarial Agents from Ochna kibbiensis Leaves. Drug. Drug Candidates2023, 2, 37-51.
Yusuf, A.J.; Abdullahi, M.I.; Nasir, I.; Yunusa, A.; Alebiosu, C.O.; Muhammad, A.A. Isolation and Characterization of Prophylactic Antimalarial Agents from Ochna kibbiensis Leaves. Drug. Drug Candidates 2023, 2, 37-51.
Abstract
Ochna kibbiensis (Family: Ochnaceae) has been employed in ethnomedicine for the treatment of malaria, and inflammation among others. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize prophylactic antimalarial agents from the leaves of O. kibbiensis against Plasmodium berghei, in vivo and in silico. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the methanol extract and its fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and n-butanol) was determined according to Lorke’s method while the antimalarial effect of the extract and its fractions was investigated according to the method described by Peters prophylactic test using Chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei (NK65). All the extract/fractions exhibited LD50 values ≥ 5000 mg/kg with the exception of the n-butanol fraction (1702.94 mg/kg) which indicate that the plant is non-toxic. Dichloromethane fraction exhibited significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent prophylactic effect with 47.62, 85.12 and 100.0 % prophylaxis (at 500, 250 & 125 mg/kg) while the least effect was observed by the n-butanol fraction with percentage prophylaxis of 64.29 and 76.19, respectively; the standard drug, pyrimethamine had 95.24 % prophylaxis. Based on the result obtained, dichloromethane fraction of O. kibbiensis was subjected to chromatographic purification which led to the isolation of a mixture of two compounds identified as stigmasterol and β-sitosterol by analysis of the NMR spectral data and comparison with existing literature; the compounds exhibited good binding affinities (- 5.129 and - 4.889 kcal/mol) against pfLDH and favorable ADMET profile. In conclusion, the leaf of O. kibbiensis have demonstrated a significant prophylactic antimalarial activity and the two known steroids (stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) isolated from the dichloromethane fraction for the first time.
Keywords
Ochna kibbiensis; antimalarial prophylaxis; in silico; ADMET
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
14 January 2023
Commenter:
Kasimu Abubakar Shagari
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Comment:
Assalamu alaikum warahamatullah,
Good morning Dr.
How do you do and how is your work?
I just want to tell you that, I liked your article and the article inspired me to perform my PhD research in your area using different plants. I hope I will get some pieces of advice and mentorship.
I am a Postgraduate Student at the Department of Biological Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. Thank you
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Commenter: Kasimu Abubakar Shagari
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Good morning Dr.
How do you do and how is your work?
I just want to tell you that, I liked your article and the article inspired me to perform my PhD research in your area using different plants. I hope I will get some pieces of advice and mentorship.
I am a Postgraduate Student at the Department of Biological Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. Thank you