Basheer, Y.; Waqar, A.; Qaisar, S.M.; Ahmed, T.; Ullah, N.; Alotaibi, S. Analyzing the Prospect of Hybrid Energy in the Cement Industry of Pakistan, Using HOMER Pro. Sustainability2022, 14, 12440.
Basheer, Y.; Waqar, A.; Qaisar, S.M.; Ahmed, T.; Ullah, N.; Alotaibi, S. Analyzing the Prospect of Hybrid Energy in the Cement Industry of Pakistan, Using HOMER Pro. Sustainability 2022, 14, 12440.
Basheer, Y.; Waqar, A.; Qaisar, S.M.; Ahmed, T.; Ullah, N.; Alotaibi, S. Analyzing the Prospect of Hybrid Energy in the Cement Industry of Pakistan, Using HOMER Pro. Sustainability2022, 14, 12440.
Basheer, Y.; Waqar, A.; Qaisar, S.M.; Ahmed, T.; Ullah, N.; Alotaibi, S. Analyzing the Prospect of Hybrid Energy in the Cement Industry of Pakistan, Using HOMER Pro. Sustainability 2022, 14, 12440.
Abstract
Cement manufacturing is one of the most energy-intensive industries in the world. Most of the cost of producing cement is accounted by fuel consumption and power expenditures. Thermal power plants are the major source of electricity in Pakistan. But they are not efficient and environmentally friendly. This study simulates four different models for five cement plants of Pakistan on Homer Pro software and compares the optimal solutions based on the net present cost (NPC), levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Model-1 consists of solar panels, electrolyzer, hydrogen tank, hydrogen generator and converter. Model-2 has only a diesel generator and acts as a base case in this study. Model-3 has solar panels and a battery-converter system. In Model-4, diesel generators, solar panels and converters are considered. Based on NPC, the most optimal model is Model-4, having a 0.249 $/KWh LCOE in islanded systems. The NPC and operating costs are US$540 million and US$ 32.5 million per year, respectively, with a 29.80% reduction in CO2 emissions when compared to the base case. Based on GHG emissions, Model-1 and Model-3 are the best models with 0% GHG emissions. Sensitivity analyses is also performed using the parameters of load, inflation rate and discounted rate. The results prove that the proposed hybrid micropower systems (HMS) can sustainably provide electricity for 24 hours a day to the sites under consideration with minimum objectives.
Keywords
Cement Industry; Homer Pro Optimization; Techno-Economic Analysis; Sensitivity Analysis; Net Present Cost; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Levelized Cost of Electricity
Subject
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
