Preventing The Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious Against Monkeypox, or There is a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines?

Abdelaziz Abdelaal; Abdullah Reda; Basant Ismail Lashin; Basant E. Katamesh; Aml M. Brakat; Balqees Mahmoud AL-Manaseer; Sayanika Kaur; Ankush Asija; Nimesh K. Patel; Soney Basnyat; Ali A. Rabaan; Saad Alhumaid; Hawra Albayat; Mohammed Aljeldah; Basim R. Al shammari; Amal H. Al-Najjar; Ahmed K. Al-Jassem; Sultan T. AlShurbaji; Fatimah S. Alshahrani; Ahlam Alynbiawi; Zainab H. Alfaraj; Duaa H. Alfaraj; Ahmed H Aldawood; Yub Raj Sedhai; Victoria Mumbo; Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales; Ranjit Sah

doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0232.v1

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preprints.org > medicine and pharmacology > pharmacology and toxicology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202207.0232.v1

Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Preventing The Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious Against Monkeypox, or There is a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines?

Balqees Mahmoud AL-Manaseer

Fatimah S. Alshahrani

Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Ranjit Sah

Version 1 : Received: 14 July 2022 / Approved: 15 July 2022 / Online: 15 July 2022 (12:12:58 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Abdelaal, A.; Reda, A.; Lashin, B.I.; Katamesh, B.E.; Brakat, A.M.; AL-Manaseer, B.M.; Kaur, S.; Asija, A.; Patel, N.K.; Basnyat, S.; Rabaan, A.A.; Alhumaid, S.; Albayat, H.; Aljeldah, M.; Shammari, B.R.A.; Al-Najjar, A.H.; Al-Jassem, A.K.; AlShurbaji, S.T.; Alshahrani, F.S.; Alynbiawi, A.; Alfaraj, Z.H.; Alfaraj, D.H.; Aldawood, A.H.; Sedhai, Y.R.; Mumbo, V.; Rodriguez-Morales, A.J.; Sah, R. Preventing the Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious against Monkeypox, or Is There a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines? Vaccines 2022, 10, 1419. Abdelaal, A.; Reda, A.; Lashin, B.I.; Katamesh, B.E.; Brakat, A.M.; AL-Manaseer, B.M.; Kaur, S.; Asija, A.; Patel, N.K.; Basnyat, S.; Rabaan, A.A.; Alhumaid, S.; Albayat, H.; Aljeldah, M.; Shammari, B.R.A.; Al-Najjar, A.H.; Al-Jassem, A.K.; AlShurbaji, S.T.; Alshahrani, F.S.; Alynbiawi, A.; Alfaraj, Z.H.; Alfaraj, D.H.; Aldawood, A.H.; Sedhai, Y.R.; Mumbo, V.; Rodriguez-Morales, A.J.; Sah, R. Preventing the Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious against Monkeypox, or Is There a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines? Vaccines 2022, 10, 1419.

Abstract

(1) Background: The monkeypox virus (MPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Poxviridae family, Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and Or-thopoxvirus genu. It was called monkeypox because it was first discovered in monkeys, in a Danish laboratory, in 1958. However, the actual reservoir for MPV is still unknown. (2) Methods & Results: We have reviewed the existing literature on the options for Monkeypox virus. There are three available vaccines for orthopoxviruses: ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and LC16, with the first being a replicating vaccine and the latter being non or minimally replicating. (3) Conclusions: Smallpox vaccinations previously provided coincidental im-munity to MPV. ACAM2000(a live‐attenuated replicating vaccine) and JYNNEOS (a live‐attenuated, non-replicating vaccine) are two US FDA‐approved vaccines that can prevent monkeypox. However, ACAM2000 may cause serious side effects, including cardiac problems, whereas JYNNEOS is associated with fewer com-plications. The recent outbreaks across the globe have once again highlighted the need for constant monitoring and the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic modalities. Based on available data, there is still a need to develop an effective and safe new generation of vaccines specific for monkeypox that are killed or mRNA before monkeypox is declared a pandemic.

Keywords

Monkeypox; Vaccine; Outbreak

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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