Version 1
: Received: 31 March 2022 / Approved: 4 April 2022 / Online: 4 April 2022 (14:39:11 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 13 June 2022 / Approved: 14 June 2022 / Online: 14 June 2022 (11:40:16 CEST)
How to cite:
Melendres, C.A. A Quantum Space Model of Cosmic Evolution: Dark Energy and the Cyclic Universe. Preprints2022, 2022040019. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202204.0019.v2
Melendres, C.A. A Quantum Space Model of Cosmic Evolution: Dark Energy and the Cyclic Universe. Preprints 2022, 2022040019. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202204.0019.v2
Melendres, C.A. A Quantum Space Model of Cosmic Evolution: Dark Energy and the Cyclic Universe. Preprints2022, 2022040019. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202204.0019.v2
APA Style
Melendres, C.A. (2022). A Quantum Space Model of Cosmic Evolution: Dark Energy and the Cyclic Universe. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202204.0019.v2
Chicago/Turabian Style
Melendres, C.A. 2022 "A Quantum Space Model of Cosmic Evolution: Dark Energy and the Cyclic Universe" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202204.0019.v2
Abstract
We present a Quantum Space Model (QSM) of the evolution of the universe based on the theory that space consists of energy quanta from which it began. We used the Friedmann equations to trace its history and show that Dark Energy is the energy of space which caused its accelerating expansion.The universe started from a quanta of space which was triggered by quantum fluctuations that caused the Big Bang. It then expanded and cooled undergoing phase transitions to radiation, fundamental particles, and matter. Matter grew into galaxies, and was consolidated by gravity into Black Holes, ending in a Big Crunch and Deep Freeze inside a Black hole at 1.380 trillion years. Fluctuations caused a new Bang to start another cycle in its life. If the Law of Conservation of Energy is universal, then the cosmos is eternal. Our results support the theoretical predictions of a cyclic universe by Steinhardt and associates, as well as Penrose. Space and energy are equivalent as embodied in the Planck energy equation. They are the two most fundamental quantities that govern cosmic evolution. The two principal long range forces are the gravitational force and the space force,which maybe the fifth force in the universe. They provide the clockwork mechanism operating our cyclic universe.
Keywords
early universe; dark energy; theory; observations
Subject
Physical Sciences, Acoustics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Commenter: Carlos Melendres
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author