Version 1
: Received: 5 January 2022 / Approved: 6 January 2022 / Online: 6 January 2022 (11:37:38 CET)
How to cite:
Lisin, V.; Chizhikova, V.; Lubkova, T.; Yablonskaya, D. Experimental Study of Steel Shot and Lead Shot Transformation Under the Environmental Factors. Preprints2022, 2022010077. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0077.v1
Lisin, V.; Chizhikova, V.; Lubkova, T.; Yablonskaya, D. Experimental Study of Steel Shot and Lead Shot Transformation Under the Environmental Factors. Preprints 2022, 2022010077. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0077.v1
Lisin, V.; Chizhikova, V.; Lubkova, T.; Yablonskaya, D. Experimental Study of Steel Shot and Lead Shot Transformation Under the Environmental Factors. Preprints2022, 2022010077. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0077.v1
APA Style
Lisin, V., Chizhikova, V., Lubkova, T., & Yablonskaya, D. (2022). Experimental Study of Steel Shot and Lead Shot Transformation Under the Environmental Factors. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0077.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Lisin, V., Tatiana Lubkova and Daria Yablonskaya. 2022 "Experimental Study of Steel Shot and Lead Shot Transformation Under the Environmental Factors" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0077.v1
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the patterns of steel and lead shot transformation under the impact of environmental factors (two types of shot exposed alone and in combination with each other). The analyzed environmental factors include atmospheric precipitation of various acidity and soil solutions with a higher content of organic acids. This research demonstrated that steel shot is characterized by a high transformation rate that is an order of magnitude higher on average than the transformation rate of lead under the same conditions. The prevalence of the suspended iron form (excluding the interaction with organic acids) presents risks for such environmental components as soils and sediments and may be hazardous to the ambient air and natural waters in case of wind erosion and surface runoff from the catchment area. Furthermore, the joint presence of steel and lead shot mutually accelerates the corrosion of both metals, thus increasing the environmental risks.
Keywords
ammunition, environmental factors, transformation of lead shot, transformation of steel shot
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
4 January 2023
Commenter:
Michael Garner
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Comment:
Most interesting in light of the UK government and HSE wishing to ban lead shot and replace it with soft steel shot. It is important for all the information to be considered before they take action which could in fact make matters worse in the short term if these findings are correct.
Commenter: Michael Garner
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.