Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Organization of the Pig T-cell Receptor Gamma (TRG) Locus Provides Insights Into the Evolutionary Patterns of the TRG Genes Across Cetartiodactyla

Giovanna Linguiti
,
Francesco Giannico
ORCID logo ,
Pietro D'addabbo
ORCID logo ,
Angela Pala
,
Anna Caputi Jambrenghi
,
Salvatrice Ciccarese
ORCID logo ,
Serafina Massari
ORCID logo ,
Rachele Antonacci
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 21 December 2021 / Approved: 23 December 2021 / Online: 23 December 2021 (10:02:37 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Linguiti, G.; Giannico, F.; D’Addabbo, P.; Pala, A.; Caputi Jambrenghi, A.; Ciccarese, S.; Massari, S.; Antonacci, R. The Organization of the Pig T-Cell Receptor γ (TRG) Locus Provides Insights into the Evolutionary Patterns of the TRG Genes across Cetartiodactyla. Genes 2022, 13, 177. Linguiti, G.; Giannico, F.; D’Addabbo, P.; Pala, A.; Caputi Jambrenghi, A.; Ciccarese, S.; Massari, S.; Antonacci, R. The Organization of the Pig T-Cell Receptor γ (TRG) Locus Provides Insights into the Evolutionary Patterns of the TRG Genes across Cetartiodactyla. Genes 2022, 13, 177.

Abstract

The domestic pig (Sus scrofa) is a species representative of the Suina, one of the four suborders within Cetartiodactyla. In this paper, we reported our analysis of the pig TRG locus in comparison with the loci of species representative of the Ruminantia, Tylopoda and Cetacea suborders. The pig TRG genomic structure reiterates the peculiarity of the organization of Cetartiodactyla loci in TRGC “cassettes”, each containing the basic V-J-J-C unit. Eighteen genes arranged in four TRGC cassettes, form the pig TRG locus. All the functional TRG genes were expressed, and the TRGV genes preferentially rearrange with the TRGJ genes within their own cassette, which correlates the diversity of the gamma-chain repertoire with the number of cassettes. Among them, the TRGC5, located at the 5’ end of the locus, is the only cassette that retains a marked homology with the corresponding TRGC cassettes of all the analyzed species. The preservation of the TRGC5 cassette for such a long evolutionary time presumes a highly specialized function of its genes, which could be essential for the survival of species. Therefore, the maintenance of this cassette in pigs confirms that it is the most evolutionarily ancient within Cetartiodactyla, and it has undergone a process of duplication to give rise to the other TRGC cassettes in the different artiodactyl species in a lineage-specific manner.

Keywords

pig genome; gamma/delta T-cell; TRG locus; TRG genes; gamma/delta high species; Cetartiodac-tyla; Immunogenomics; evolution

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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