Article
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Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Nematode-Microbe Complexes in Soils Replanted with Apple
Version 1
: Received: 17 December 2021 / Approved: 20 December 2021 / Online: 20 December 2021 (10:34:03 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Kanfra, X.; Wrede, A.; Moll, J.; Heuer, H. Nematode–Microbe Complexes in Soils Replanted with Apple. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 157. Kanfra, X.; Wrede, A.; Moll, J.; Heuer, H. Nematode–Microbe Complexes in Soils Replanted with Apple. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 157.
Abstract
Apple replant disease is a severe problem in orchards and tree nurseries. Evidence for the involvement of a nematode-microbe disease complex was reported. To search for this complex, plots with a history of apple replanting, and control plots cultivated for the first time with apple were sampled in two fields in two years. Shoot weight drastically decreased with each replanting. Nematodes were extracted from soil samples by floatation-centrifugation, washed on a 20 µm-sieve, and used for DNA extraction. Nematode communities and co-extracted fungi and bacteria were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of amplified ribosomal fragments. The nematode community and co-extracted fungal and bacterial communities significantly differed between replanted and control plots. Free-living nematodes of the genera Aphelenchus, Cephalenchus, and an unidentified Dorylaimida were associated with replanted plots, as indicated by linear discriminant analysis effect size. Among the co-extracted fungi and bacteria, Mortierella was most indicative of replanting. Some genera, mostly Rhabditis, indicated healthy control plots. Isolating and investigating the putative disease complexes will help to understand and alleviate stress-induced root damage of apple in replanted soil.
Keywords
replant disease; Malus; free-living nematodes; bacteria; fungi; rhizosphere; nematode-microbe association; disease complex; metabarcoding; nematode community
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Horticulture
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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