Asadi, A.; Adhikari, K. Minimizing Errors in the Prediction of Water Levels Using Kriging Technique in Residuals of the Groundwater Model. Water, 2022, 14, 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030426.
Asadi, A.; Adhikari, K. Minimizing Errors in the Prediction of Water Levels Using Kriging Technique in Residuals of the Groundwater Model. Water, 2022, 14, 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030426.
Asadi, A.; Adhikari, K. Minimizing Errors in the Prediction of Water Levels Using Kriging Technique in Residuals of the Groundwater Model. Water, 2022, 14, 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030426.
Asadi, A.; Adhikari, K. Minimizing Errors in the Prediction of Water Levels Using Kriging Technique in Residuals of the Groundwater Model. Water, 2022, 14, 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030426.
Abstract
Groundwater monitoring and water level predictions have been a challenging issue due to the complexity of groundwater movement. Simplified numerical simulation models have been used to represent the groundwater system; these models however only provide the conservative approximation of the system and may not always capture the local variations. Several other efforts such as coupling groundwater models with hydrological models and using geostatistical methods are being practiced to accurately predict the groundwater levels. In this study, we present a novel application of geostatistical tool on residuals of groundwater model. Kriging method was applied on the residuals of the numerical model (MODFLOW) generated by the TWDB (Texas Water Development Board) for the Edwards-Trinity (Plateau) aquifer. The study was done for the years 1995 through 2000 where 90% of the observation data was used for model simulation followed by cross-validation with the remaining 10% of the observations. The kriging method reduced the average absolute error of approximately 31 m (for MODFLOW simulation) to less than 5 m. Also, the residuals’ average standard error reduced from 9.7 to 4.7. This implies that the mean value of residuals over entire period can be a good estimation for each year separately. The use of kriging technique thus can provide with improved monitoring of groundwater levels resulting in more accurate potentiometric surface maps.
Keywords
groundwater monitoring; modeling; MODFLOW; kriging; residuals; water levels; Edwards-Trinity aquifer
Subject
Engineering, Civil Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
