Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Impact of Protracted Displacement on Delay in the Diagnosis Associated with Treatment Outcomes: A Cross-sectional Study in Internally Displaced Tuberculosis Patients of Pakistan

Faman Ullah Khan
,
Faiz Ullah Khan
ORCID logo ,
Khezar Hayat
ORCID logo ,
Jie Chang
ORCID logo ,
Muhammad Kamran
,
Asad Khan
,
Usman Rashid Malik
ORCID logo ,
Asif Khan
,
Yu Fang
*
Version 1 : Received: 11 September 2021 / Approved: 16 September 2021 / Online: 16 September 2021 (12:26:00 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Khan, F.U.; Khan, F.U.; Hayat, K.; Chang, J.; Kamran, M.; Khan, A.; Malik, U.R.; Khan, A.; Fang, Y. Impact of Protracted Displacement on Delay in the Diagnosis Associated with Treatment Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Internally Displaced Tuberculosis Patients of Pakistan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11984. Khan, F.U.; Khan, F.U.; Hayat, K.; Chang, J.; Kamran, M.; Khan, A.; Malik, U.R.; Khan, A.; Fang, Y. Impact of Protracted Displacement on Delay in the Diagnosis Associated with Treatment Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Internally Displaced Tuberculosis Patients of Pakistan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11984.

Abstract

Human displacement is on the rise globally, and the increase in the burden of tuberculosis (TB) is also attributed to migrations worldwide. A significant number of such displacement occur in regions with considerably higher areas of TB burden. Displacements may delay in TB diagnosis and treatment, which possibly will lead to TB transmission among healthy individuals. In this study, we assessed the association of existing determinants after a protracted internal displacement of people with the delay in TB diagnosis and treatment outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on internally displaced TB patients registered at selected health facilities in three urban districts of Pakistan from March 2019 to February 2020. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the delay in diagnosis and treatment outcomes. IDPs with delay in initiation of treatment beyond 30 days were at high possibility of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes (adjusted odds ratio AOR,2.60; 95% CI 1.06-6.40). Analysis of factors that affect health seeker behavior and timely treatment showed a significant association (p<0.05) in-between age group 55-65 years (AOR, 2.66; 95% CI 1.00-7.07), female patients (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI 1.21-4.81), visited non-formal health provider (AOR, 8.81; 95% CI 3.99-19.46), self-medication (AOR, 2.72; 95 % CI 1.37-5.37), poor knowledge of TB (AOR, 11.39; 95% CI 3.31-39.1), and perceived stigma (AOR, 8.81; 95% CI 3.99-19.4). Prolong delay in treatment was associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes among IDPs, more specifically. As migrants and IDPs are more likely to experience an interruption in care due to overall exclusion from social and health care services. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the barriers in providing public health care services, particularly in preventing and treating TB.

Keywords

Tuberculosis; Delay in diagnosis; Treatment outcomes; Internally displaced TB patients.

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Public Health and Health Services

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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