Working PaperArticleVersion 2This version is not peer-reviewed
Environmental Pollution and Breast Cancer: The Microplastic Component BPA Regulates the Intratumoral Immune Microenvironment and Increases Lung Metastasis
Version 1
: Received: 30 August 2021 / Approved: 1 September 2021 / Online: 1 September 2021 (13:46:49 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 12 September 2021 / Approved: 13 September 2021 / Online: 13 September 2021 (14:48:05 CEST)
How to cite:
Palacios-Arreola, M.I.; Nava-Castro, K.E.; Mendoza-Moreno, N.A.; Segovia-Mendoza, M.; Perez-Torres, A.; Morales-Montor, J. Environmental Pollution and Breast Cancer: The Microplastic Component BPA Regulates the Intratumoral Immune Microenvironment and Increases Lung Metastasis. Preprints2021, 2021090017
Palacios-Arreola, M.I.; Nava-Castro, K.E.; Mendoza-Moreno, N.A.; Segovia-Mendoza, M.; Perez-Torres, A.; Morales-Montor, J. Environmental Pollution and Breast Cancer: The Microplastic Component BPA Regulates the Intratumoral Immune Microenvironment and Increases Lung Metastasis. Preprints 2021, 2021090017
Palacios-Arreola, M.I.; Nava-Castro, K.E.; Mendoza-Moreno, N.A.; Segovia-Mendoza, M.; Perez-Torres, A.; Morales-Montor, J. Environmental Pollution and Breast Cancer: The Microplastic Component BPA Regulates the Intratumoral Immune Microenvironment and Increases Lung Metastasis. Preprints2021, 2021090017
APA Style
Palacios-Arreola, M.I., Nava-Castro, K.E., Mendoza-Moreno, N.A., Segovia-Mendoza, M., Perez-Torres, A., & Morales-Montor, J. (2021). Environmental Pollution and Breast Cancer: The Microplastic Component BPA Regulates the Intratumoral Immune Microenvironment and Increases Lung Metastasis. Preprints. https://doi.org/
Chicago/Turabian Style
Palacios-Arreola, M.I., Armando Perez-Torres and Jorge Morales-Montor. 2021 "Environmental Pollution and Breast Cancer: The Microplastic Component BPA Regulates the Intratumoral Immune Microenvironment and Increases Lung Metastasis" Preprints. https://doi.org/
Abstract
Background: Metastasis is a complex process that involves the spread of the tumor to distant parts of the body from its original site. Metastatic dissemination represents the main physiopathology of cancer. Soluble factors such as cytokines have been closely related to breast cancer (BC) metastasis. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical compound with estrogenic properties, which exposure in the early stages of neonatal life leads to an increase in the size and weight of breast tumors and cellular changes in the tumoral immune microenvironment. Methods: Thus, we used female BALB/c mice that were exposed neonatally to a single dose of BPA. Once sexual maturity was reached, a mammary tumor was induced injecting 4T1 cells in situ. After 25 days of injection, we evaluated endocrine alterations, cytokine expression, tissue alterations denoted by macro and micro metastases in the lung, and metastasis-induced cell infiltration. Results: BPA neonatal treatment did not show significant endocrine alterations. Nevertheless, BPA induced a great rate of metastasis to the lung associated with higher intratumoral expression of IL-1b, IL-6, IFN-g, TNF-a and VEGF. Conclusions Our data suggest that cytokines are key players in BC metastasis induction, and that BPA is a risk factor to be considered. This knowledge must be considered with the aim of recognizing environmental pollution in the clinical history of patients to possibly counter BC metastases.
Keywords
Breast cancer; metastasis; cytokines; microenvironment; bisphenol A; endocrine disruptors.
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
13 September 2021
Commenter:
Jorge Morales-Montor
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
The number of Figures was higher than the allowed in the Journal, and, we have to change the way in which there were presented. Thus, instead of having 7 Figures, depicting every cytokine expression and the quantitation, we have merged all expression in the tumors, and, use a Table to represent the numerical quantitation data. This result in a much better draft of the manuscript, with 6 Figures instead of eleven, and 3 Tables. In this way, it is much more clear and easy to follow, and not that repetitive. A much more fluid draft was generated.
Commenter: Jorge Morales-Montor
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author