Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Generating the Triangulations of the Torus with the Vertex-Labeled Graph K_{2,2,2,2}

Version 1 : Received: 11 July 2021 / Approved: 12 July 2021 / Online: 12 July 2021 (13:22:09 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 28 July 2021 / Approved: 29 July 2021 / Online: 29 July 2021 (17:19:45 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Lawrencenko, S.; Magomedov, A.M. Generating the Triangulations of the Torus with the Vertex-Labeled Complete 4-Partite Graph K2,2,2,2. Symmetry 2021, 13, 1418. Lawrencenko, S.; Magomedov, A.M. Generating the Triangulations of the Torus with the Vertex-Labeled Complete 4-Partite Graph K2,2,2,2. Symmetry 2021, 13, 1418.

Abstract

Using the orbit decomposition, a new enumerative polynomial P(x) is introduced for abstract (simplicial) complexes of a given type, e.g., trees with a fixed number of vertices or triangulations of the torus with a fixed graph. The polynomial has the following useful properties: (I) P(1) is equal to the number of unlabeled complexes (of a given type), (II) the derivative P'(1) is equal to the number of non-trivial automorphisms over all unlabeled complexes, (III) the integral of P(x) from 0 to 1 is equal to the number of vertex-labeled complexes, divided by the order of the acting group. The enumerative polynomial P(x) is demonstrated for trees, and then is applied to triangulations of the torus with the vertex-labeled complete four-partite graph G = K_{2,2,2,2}, in which specific case P(x) = x^{31}. The graph G embeds on the torus as a triangulation, T(G). The automorphism group of G naturally acts on the set of triangulations of the torus with the vertex-labeled graph G. For the first time, by a combination of algebraic and symmetry techniques, all vertex-labeled triangulations of the torus (twelve in number) with the graph G are classified intelligently without using computing technology, in a uniform and systematic way. It is helpful to notice that the graph G can be converted to the Cayley graph of the quaternion group Q_8 with three quaternions, i, j, k, as generators.

Keywords

group action; orbit decomposition; polynomial; graph; tree; triangulation; torus; automorphism; quaternion group

Subject

Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Vision and Graphics

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