Version 1
: Received: 1 June 2021 / Approved: 3 June 2021 / Online: 3 June 2021 (12:52:46 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 13 August 2021 / Approved: 18 August 2021 / Online: 18 August 2021 (10:02:51 CEST)
Deng, S.; Wheeler, G.; Toussaint, N.; Munroe, L.; Bhattacharya, S.; Sajith, G.; Lin, E.; Singh, E.; Chu, K.Y.K.; Kabir, S.; Pushparajah, K.; Simpson, J.M.; Schnabel, J.A.; Gomez, A. A Virtual Reality System for Improved Image-Based Planning of Complex Cardiac Procedures. J. Imaging2021, 7, 151.
Deng, S.; Wheeler, G.; Toussaint, N.; Munroe, L.; Bhattacharya, S.; Sajith, G.; Lin, E.; Singh, E.; Chu, K.Y.K.; Kabir, S.; Pushparajah, K.; Simpson, J.M.; Schnabel, J.A.; Gomez, A. A Virtual Reality System for Improved Image-Based Planning of Complex Cardiac Procedures. J. Imaging 2021, 7, 151.
Deng, S.; Wheeler, G.; Toussaint, N.; Munroe, L.; Bhattacharya, S.; Sajith, G.; Lin, E.; Singh, E.; Chu, K.Y.K.; Kabir, S.; Pushparajah, K.; Simpson, J.M.; Schnabel, J.A.; Gomez, A. A Virtual Reality System for Improved Image-Based Planning of Complex Cardiac Procedures. J. Imaging2021, 7, 151.
Deng, S.; Wheeler, G.; Toussaint, N.; Munroe, L.; Bhattacharya, S.; Sajith, G.; Lin, E.; Singh, E.; Chu, K.Y.K.; Kabir, S.; Pushparajah, K.; Simpson, J.M.; Schnabel, J.A.; Gomez, A. A Virtual Reality System for Improved Image-Based Planning of Complex Cardiac Procedures. J. Imaging 2021, 7, 151.
Abstract
The intricate nature of congenital heart disease requires understanding of complex, patient-specific three-dimensional dynamic anatomy of the heart, from imaging data such as three-dimensional echocardiography for successful outcomes from surgical and interventional procedures. Conventional clinical systems use flat screens and therefore display remains two-dimensional, which undermines the full understanding of the three-dimensional dynamic data. Additionally, control of three-dimensional visualisation with two-dimensional tools is often difficult, so used only by imaging specialists. In this paper we describe a virtual reality system for immersive surgery planning using dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography , which enables fast prototyping for visualisation such as volume rendering, multi-planar reformatting, flow visualisation, and advanced interaction such as three-dimensional cropping, windowing, measurement, haptic feedback, automatic image orientation, and multi-user interactions. The available features were evaluated by imaging and non-imaging clinicians, showing that the virtual reality system can help improve understanding and communication of the three-dimensional echocardiography imaging and benefit congenital heart disease treatment.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.