Version 1
: Received: 17 January 2021 / Approved: 18 January 2021 / Online: 18 January 2021 (16:15:00 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 25 February 2021 / Approved: 1 March 2021 / Online: 1 March 2021 (14:14:56 CET)
Version 3
: Received: 21 June 2021 / Approved: 23 June 2021 / Online: 23 June 2021 (11:49:51 CEST)
How to cite:
Petoukhov, S. Algebraic Rules for the Percentage Composition of Oligomers in Genomes. Preprints2021, 2021010360. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202101.0360.v3
Petoukhov, S. Algebraic Rules for the Percentage Composition of Oligomers in Genomes. Preprints 2021, 2021010360. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202101.0360.v3
Petoukhov, S. Algebraic Rules for the Percentage Composition of Oligomers in Genomes. Preprints2021, 2021010360. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202101.0360.v3
APA Style
Petoukhov, S. (2021). Algebraic Rules for the Percentage Composition of Oligomers in Genomes. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202101.0360.v3
Chicago/Turabian Style
Petoukhov, S. 2021 "Algebraic Rules for the Percentage Composition of Oligomers in Genomes" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202101.0360.v3
Abstract
The article presents the author's results of studying hidden rules of structural organizations of long DNA sequences in eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. The results concern some rules of percentages (or probabilities) of n-plets in genomes. To reveal such rules, the author considers genomic DNA nucleotide sequences as multilayers sequences of n-plets and studies the percentage contents of n-plets in different layers. Unexpected rules of invariance of total sums of percentages in certain tetra-groupings of n-plets in different layers of genomic DNA sequences are revealed. These discovered rules are candidates for the role of universal genomic rules. A tensor family of matrix representations of interrelated DNA-alphabets of 4 nucleotides, 16 doublets, 64 triplets, and 256 tetraplets is used in the study. This matrix approach allows revealing algebraic properties of the mentioned genetic rules of probabilities, which are useful for developing algebraic and quantum biology. Some analogies of the discovered genetic phenomena with phenomena of Gestalt psychology are noted and discussed. The author connects the received results about the genomic percentages rules with a supposition of P. Jordan, who is one of the creators of quantum mechanics and quantum biology, that life's missing laws are the rules of chance and probability of the quantum world. Additional attention is paid to the algebraic features of the system of structured DNA alphabets and their relationship with the methods of algebraic holography, known in the technique of processing discrete signals. The concept of algebraic-holographic genetics is being developed for the understanding of inherited holographic properties of organisms.
Keywords
DNA alphabets, genomes, percentages of n-plets, binary-oppositions, tensor family of matrices, tetra-groupings, quantum biology, algebraic holography.
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Commenter: Sergey Petukhov
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author