Version 1
: Received: 3 May 2020 / Approved: 5 May 2020 / Online: 5 May 2020 (04:09:48 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 7 May 2020 / Approved: 7 May 2020 / Online: 7 May 2020 (13:48:05 CEST)
Version 3
: Received: 6 July 2021 / Approved: 6 July 2021 / Online: 6 July 2021 (11:30:53 CEST)
How to cite:
Chaudhary, N.K.; Chaudhary, N.; Dahal, M.; Guragain, B.; Rai, S.; Chaudhary, R.; Sachin, K.; Lamichhane-Khadka, R.; Bhattarai, A. Fighting the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic with Soap. Preprints2020, 2020050060
Chaudhary, N.K.; Chaudhary, N.; Dahal, M.; Guragain, B.; Rai, S.; Chaudhary, R.; Sachin, K.; Lamichhane-Khadka, R.; Bhattarai, A. Fighting the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic with Soap. Preprints 2020, 2020050060
Chaudhary, N.K.; Chaudhary, N.; Dahal, M.; Guragain, B.; Rai, S.; Chaudhary, R.; Sachin, K.; Lamichhane-Khadka, R.; Bhattarai, A. Fighting the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic with Soap. Preprints2020, 2020050060
APA Style
Chaudhary, N.K., Chaudhary, N., Dahal, M., Guragain, B., Rai, S., Chaudhary, R., Sachin, K., Lamichhane-Khadka, R., & Bhattarai, A. (2020). Fighting the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic with Soap. Preprints. https://doi.org/
Chicago/Turabian Style
Chaudhary, N.K., Reena Lamichhane-Khadka and Ajaya Bhattarai. 2020 "Fighting the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic with Soap" Preprints. https://doi.org/
Abstract
Today, the entire globe is struggling to deal with the greatest pandemic of the century, COVID-19. With no clinically approved treatments available, we are left with no options other than following the preventive measures issued by the World Health Organization (WHO). Among many others, hand washing with soap and water has been emphasized the most because it is cost-effective and easily accessible to the general public. Various studies have reported that soaps offer unique chemical properties that can disinfect the virus as a whole. However, there is still ambiguity in the general public about whether soaps can really shield us from this highly contagious disease. In an attempt to help eliminate the ambiguity, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of soap and its prospect for preventing the spread of COVID-19. In this paper, we provide an overview of the history and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), the detailed mechanisms of the deactivation of viruses by soaps, and the potential effectiveness of soap in eliminating coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords
COVID-19; SARS-Cov-2; soap; hand washing; WHO
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Applied Chemistry
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
7 May 2020
Commenter:
Ajaya Bhattarai
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
These comments have been incorporated in the revised preprints: 1. On page 5 of the pdf, there's a citation [CDC, 2020] - This should be numbered in the text, correct? and should be added to the References. Here is the reference to be added: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Symptoms of Coronavirus [Internet];cdc.gov; 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html Ans: We changed as "Some individuals may also experience trouble breathing, 142 persistent pain or pressure in the chest, new confusion or inability to arouse, bluish lips or face 143 [23]". 2. On page 6, is it possible to move the figure description from pg 7 here? It will look better if the figure and the title are on the same page. But if that cannot be done, that's fine. Ans: We tried but not a success. 3. On page 11, figure 5: The red font description should be: "Coronavirus is enveloped by an amphiphilic lipid bilayer.... (replace "around" with "by"), and also delete the word "miserably" from the description. On the same figure, in the blue font description, replace "corona virus" with "coronavirus". Ans: We have changed. 4. On page 14, the first sentence, delete the first "control": The sentence should be: "For the reasons described above, practices using high temperatures....." Ans: We have changed. 5. This paragraph was repeated: In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) temporarily named it the 2019 novel coronavirus.Consideringthehighgenomicsimilarity(about86%)ofthisviruswiththeSARS- CoV (Wilder-smith, Chiew, & Lee, 2020), the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named the novel coronavirus as SARS-CoV-2 and the disease caused by this virus as COVID-19, on 11thFebruary 2020. Ans: We have deleted the repeated paragraph. 6. "The hydrophilic heads of the lipid layer pointing outwards enable the virus to attach to the host cell surface, thereby initiating the infection" have been replaced by " The lipid layer alsoenables the virus to attach on thehost cellsurfaces, thereby initiating the infection". 7. The previously there was only "Figure 1. A) 3D structure of SARS-CoV-2" but now we have changed into Figure 1.A) 3D structure of SARS-CoV-2 B) Internal structure of the virus 8. In figure 3, A and B should be removed from the nucleus of the micelle. It's misinterpreting the information. So, we have changed. 9. There was no caption of the table. Now, the caption has been included and mentioned the Table 1. 10. On page 3, lines 75, there was Gamma -CoV and we changed into Gamma-CoV. 11. The references have been arranged.
Commenter: Ajaya Bhattarai
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
1. On page 5 of the pdf, there's a citation [CDC, 2020] - This should be numbered in the text, correct? and should be added to the References.
Here is the reference to be added: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Symptoms of Coronavirus [Internet]; cdc.gov; 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html
Ans: We changed as "Some individuals may also experience trouble breathing, 142 persistent pain or pressure in the chest, new confusion or inability to arouse, bluish lips or face 143 [23]".
2. On page 6, is it possible to move the figure description from pg 7 here? It will look better if the figure and the title are on the same page. But if that cannot be done, that's fine.
Ans: We tried but not a success.
3. On page 11, figure 5: The red font description should be: "Coronavirus is enveloped by an amphiphilic lipid bilayer.... (replace "around" with "by"), and also delete the word "miserably" from the description. On the same figure, in the blue font description, replace "corona virus" with "coronavirus".
Ans: We have changed.
4. On page 14, the first sentence, delete the first "control": The sentence should be: "For the reasons described above, practices using high temperatures....."
Ans: We have changed.
5. This paragraph was repeated: In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) temporarily named it the 2019 novel coronavirus.Consideringthehighgenomicsimilarity(about86%)ofthisviruswiththeSARS- CoV (Wilder-smith, Chiew, & Lee, 2020), the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named the novel coronavirus as SARS-CoV-2 and the disease caused by this virus as COVID-19, on 11thFebruary 2020.
Ans: We have deleted the repeated paragraph.
6. "The hydrophilic heads of the lipid layer pointing outwards enable the virus to attach to the host cell surface, thereby initiating the infection" have been replaced by " The lipid layer also enables the virus to attach on the host cell surfaces, thereby initiating the infection".
7. The previously there was only "Figure 1. A) 3D structure of SARS-CoV-2" but now we have changed into Figure 1. A) 3D structure of SARS-CoV-2 B) Internal structure of the virus
8. In figure 3, A and B should be removed from the nucleus of the micelle. It's misinterpreting the information. So, we have changed.
9. There was no caption of the table. Now, the caption has been included and mentioned the Table 1.
10. On page 3, lines 75, there was Gamma -CoV and we changed into Gamma-CoV.
11. The references have been arranged.