Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Should Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyes, Androgen Receptor, and FOXA1 expression predict Clinical Outcome in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients?

Anita Mangia
ORCID logo ,
Concetta Saponaro
,
Alessandro Vagheggini
ORCID logo ,
Giuseppina Opinto
,
Matteo Centonze
,
Chiara Vicenti
,
Ondina Popescu
,
Maria Irene Pastena
,
Francesco Giotta
,
Nicola Silvestris
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 7 August 2019 / Approved: 8 August 2019 / Online: 8 August 2019 (12:28:55 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Mangia, A.; Saponaro, C.; Vagheggini, A.; Opinto, G.; Centonze, M.; Vicenti, C.; Popescu, O.; Pastena, M.; Giotta, F.; Silvestris, N. Should Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes, Androgen Receptor, and FOXA1 Expression Predict the Clinical Outcome in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients? Cancers 2019, 11, 1393. Mangia, A.; Saponaro, C.; Vagheggini, A.; Opinto, G.; Centonze, M.; Vicenti, C.; Popescu, O.; Pastena, M.; Giotta, F.; Silvestris, N. Should Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes, Androgen Receptor, and FOXA1 Expression Predict the Clinical Outcome in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients? Cancers 2019, 11, 1393.

Abstract

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a valuable indicator of the immune microenvironment that plays the central role in new anticancer drugs. TILs has a strong prognostic role in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Little is known about his interaction with Androgen receptor (AR) and Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1). We analyzed the relationships between TIL levels, AR and FOXA1 expression and their clinical significance in TNBC patients. Further, we investigated their interaction with other biomarkers like programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), Breast Cancer Type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1), Poly [ADP-Ribose] Polymerase 1 (PARP1) and Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor 1 (NHERF1). The expression of the proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 124 TNBC samples. TILs were performed adhering to International TILs Working Group 2014 criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were also used to identify risk factors associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis identified TILs as independent prognostic factor of disease free survival (DFS) (p=0.045). A Kaplan-Meyer analysis revealed that the patients with high TILs had a better DFS compared to patients with low TILs (p=0.037), and the phenotypes TILs-/AR+ and TILs-/FOXA1- had a worse DFS (p=0.032, p=0.001 respectively). AR was associated with FOXA1 expression (p=0.007), and the tumors FOXA1+ presented low levels of TILs (p=0.028). A poor DFS was observed for AR+/FOXA1+ tumors compared to other TNBCs (p=0.0117). Low TILs score was associated with poor patients’ survival, and TILs level in combination with AR or FOXA1 expression affected patient’s clinical outcome. In addition, AR+/FOXA1+ phenotype identified a specific subgroup of TNBC patients with poor prognosis. These data may suggest new ways of therapeutic intervention to support current treatments.

Keywords

TILs; TNBC; AR; FOXA1; Prognosis

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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