PreprintArticleVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Serum Agrin and Talin, Two Muscular Proteins, are Significantly Increased in Major Depression and Increased Agrin and Lowered Creatine Phosphokinase are Associated with Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Symptoms in Depression
Version 1
: Received: 28 May 2019 / Approved: 24 June 2019 / Online: 24 June 2019 (10:19:29 CEST)
How to cite:
Al-Hakeim, H.K.; Al-Issa, A.A.R.; Maes, M. Serum Agrin and Talin, Two Muscular Proteins, are Significantly Increased in Major Depression and Increased Agrin and Lowered Creatine Phosphokinase are Associated with Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Symptoms in Depression. Preprints2019, 2019060243. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201906.0243.v1
Al-Hakeim, H.K.; Al-Issa, A.A.R.; Maes, M. Serum Agrin and Talin, Two Muscular Proteins, are Significantly Increased in Major Depression and Increased Agrin and Lowered Creatine Phosphokinase are Associated with Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Symptoms in Depression. Preprints 2019, 2019060243. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201906.0243.v1
Al-Hakeim, H.K.; Al-Issa, A.A.R.; Maes, M. Serum Agrin and Talin, Two Muscular Proteins, are Significantly Increased in Major Depression and Increased Agrin and Lowered Creatine Phosphokinase are Associated with Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Symptoms in Depression. Preprints2019, 2019060243. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201906.0243.v1
APA Style
Al-Hakeim, H.K., Al-Issa, A.A.R., & Maes, M. (2019). Serum Agrin and Talin, Two Muscular Proteins, are Significantly Increased in Major Depression and Increased Agrin and Lowered Creatine Phosphokinase are Associated with Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Symptoms in Depression. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201906.0243.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Al-Hakeim, H.K., Ameer Abdul Razzaq Al-Issa and Michael Maes. 2019 "Serum Agrin and Talin, Two Muscular Proteins, are Significantly Increased in Major Depression and Increased Agrin and Lowered Creatine Phosphokinase are Associated with Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Symptoms in Depression" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201906.0243.v1
Abstract
Chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia symptoms frequently occur in major depressive disorder (MDD). The pathophysiology of these symptoms may in part, be ascribed to activated immune pathways, although it is unclear whether muscular factors play a role in their onset. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of muscle proteins in major depression in association with symptoms of chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia. We measured serum levels of agrin, talin-2, titin, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) as well as the FibroFatigue (FF), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in 60 MDD patients and 30 healthy controls. The results show a significant increase in agrin and talin-2 in MDD patients as compared with controls. There were highly significant correlations between agrin and HAM-D, BDI-II and FF scores. Agrin, but not talin or titin, was significantly and positively associated with all 12 items of the FF scale. We found that a large part of the variance in HAM-D (47.4%), BDI-II (43.4%) and FF (43.5%) scores was explained by the regression on agrin, smoking, female sex (positively associated) and education (inversely associated). CPK was significantly and inversely associated with the total FF score and with muscle and gastro-intestinal symptoms, fatigue, a flu-like malaise, headache and memory, autonomic and sleep disturbances. These results suggest that aberrations in neuromuscular (NMJs) and myotendinous junctions may play a role in MDD and that the aberrations in NMJs coupled with lowered CPK may play a role in symptoms of chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia in MDD. Moreover, the increase of agrin in MDD probably functions as part of the compensatory immune-regulatory system (CIRS).
Keywords
major depression; chronic fatigue; fibromyalgia; neuro-immune; inflammation
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Mental Health
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
