Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed Influenced by East-Asian Summer Monsoon

Arif Reza
ORCID logo ,
Jaesung Eum
,
Sungmin Jung
,
Youngsoon Choi
,
Changwon Jang
,
Kiyong Kim
,
Jeffrey S. Owen
,
Bomchul Kim
*
Version 1 : Received: 20 November 2018 / Approved: 21 November 2018 / Online: 21 November 2018 (07:28:35 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Reza, A.; Eum, J.; Jung, S.; Choi, Y.; Jang, C.; Kim, K.; Owen, J.S.; Kim, B. Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea. Water 2019, 11, 4. Reza, A.; Eum, J.; Jung, S.; Choi, Y.; Jang, C.; Kim, K.; Owen, J.S.; Kim, B. Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea. Water 2019, 11, 4.

Abstract

Despite increased awareness of and attention to the need for sustainable agriculture, fertilizers and compost application in excess of crop requirements remain common agricultural practices in South Korea, causing eutrophication of freshwater and coastal ecosystems. In this study, a phosphorus (P) budget was developed to quantify P inputs, outputs, and retention in a forested- agricultural watershed. The P budget showed that chemical fertilizers and organic compost were the largest source of P (97.6% of the total) followed by atmospheric deposition (2.1% of the total P), whereas forest export (0.2% of the total) and sewage treatment plants (STPs) (0.1% of the total) were negligible. The dominant P outputs were crop harvesting and hydrologic export to surface water. The P balance showed a significant accumulation of P in the watershed; approximately 87% of the total P input was retained in the soils within the watershed. However, P concentrations in drainage water were still high enough to cause eutrophication of downstream reservoirs. The results provide useful information on the proportion of P export and retention in soils and will help support efforts to improve water quality and design better management of agricultural non-point source pollution.

Keywords

phosphorus; nutrient budget; non-point source pollution; Korea; monsoon climate

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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